In the genus Oryza, more than half of species are polyploids. These polyploids consist of the BC, CD, HJ and HK genome, and are distributed in Asia, Oceania, Africa and Latin America. Because each genome was shared by more than one species and some species have overlapping distribution and similar morphology, it isvery difficult to identify them with certainty if only based on gross-morphologicalcharacters. Intraspecifie variation in ploidy level adds greater complexity. In addition,the intercontinental disjunctive distribution of some species and lack of knowledge onthe diploid donors of the polyploids have made the situation more complicated.Meanwhile, molecular evolution of the different genomes within the same nuclearafter polyploidization is also worthy of further research. In this work, based on,microsatellite markers (SSR) and sequence comparisons of the nuclear gene Adhl, thegenetic diversity and evolutionary relationship of the allotetraploids and their diploidprogenitors as well as the molecular evolutionary pattern of Adhl genes inallotetraploids were investigated.