【摘 要】
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12个甜瓜高世代自交系分成两组,6个母本(W-010、W-020、W-030、W-040、W-050、W-060),6个父本(A-010、A-020、A-030、A-040、A-050、A-060),按NC-Ⅱ设计配制36个杂交组合。对36个
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12个甜瓜高世代自交系分成两组,6个母本(W-010、W-020、W-030、W-040、W-050、W-060),6个父本(A-010、A-020、A-030、A-040、A-050、A-060),按NC-Ⅱ设计配制36个杂交组合。对36个组合的15个数量性状进行了方差分析、一般配合力和特殊配合力分析、广义遗传力和狭义遗传分析。12个自交系和36个组合的15个数量性状进行了主成分分析、杂交优势分析。对中心可溶性固形物含量、单果重、游离氨基酸、果肉厚4个性状进行遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性分析。以上这些研究是采用了SAS和DPS软件进行分析,计算全部在计算机上完成的。分析结果如下:1.12个材料配制了36个组合,对其15个性状进行方差分析,区组间方差不显著,组合间方差存在显著或极显著差异。2.纵径、边缘可溶性固形物、中心可溶性固形物、蔓长、干物质、有机物、维生素C、横径、蛋白质、可溶性糖这10个性状的特殊配合力大于一般配合力。3.群体遗传力分析表明,广义遗传力和狭义遗传力在同性状和不同材料间表现不同。在15个性状指标中,除了单瓜重性状(X7)的广义遗传力为24.82%之外,其余都很高,都在87.23%—99.96%之间。4.在一般配合力上6个母本,优劣顺序为:W-010>W-020>W-030>W-060>W-040>W-050;6个父本优劣顺序为:A-020=A-050>A-010>A-040=A-060>A-030。5.通过对12个亲本及其所对应的36个组合进行主成分分析,7个大的特征根的累计百分率为86.27%,在影响甜瓜数量性状中,首先考虑中心可溶性固形物含量及果肉厚、可溶性糖、干物质重,其次是硬度、蛋白质,果实发育期,最后是有机酸。6.在12个自交系的遗传距离中,W-020×A-020的值最大(2.444),W-040×A-050的值最小(1.165)。7.单果重及游离氨基酸与遗传距离均属直线相关关系,其相关系数、回归系数及回归方程的显著性检验均达到了显著水平。回归方程分别是Y=118.8425-39.5625X和Y=-15.1048+9.7646X;8.果肉厚杂种优势与遗传距离之间的关系与Density模型比较吻合,且达到了显著水平。回归方程为Y=(1.0000+0.1000x)^(-1/1.0000)。9.在甜瓜杂种优势利用时,并非遗传距离越大,杂种优势就越明显,也并非遗传距离越小,杂种优势利就越明显。这说明了,杂种优势的遗传机理还需要进一步的研究和探讨。
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