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中尺度涡在大洋中普遍存在,研究发现,其能量比大尺度海洋环流的能量大一个量级,在海洋物质能量输运和全球气候变化中起着重要作用。受观测条件限制,目前对中尺度涡的观测主要通过卫星高度计实现,只能从海面高度来推算中尺度涡大小、分布、强度及其伴随的水体和能量输送,而卫星高度计对中尺度涡垂直结构特征认识不足,也导致了对中尺度涡所引起的上层海洋能量、热量输送估计误差偏大。目前,对中尺度涡三维结构观测认识不足,展望未来将会出现基于无人船平台的大洋中尺度涡三维结构自动观测系统,该平台将集成自动水下剖面观测功能等先进技术,以便观测中尺度涡的垂直结构特征及其时空变化特征,进而系统地认识中尺度涡带来的物质和能量输送。
Mesoscale vortices are widespread in the oceans. Studies have found that their energy is one order of magnitude larger than that of large-scale ocean circulation, and plays an important role in the transport of oceanic matter energy and global climate change. Due to the limitation of observation conditions, the current mesoscale eddy observations are mainly realized by satellite altimeters, and the mesoscale eddy size, distribution, intensity and associated water bodies and energy transport can only be deduced from the sea surface height. However, Insufficient understanding of structural features also leads to upper ocean energy caused by mesoscale eddies and large estimation error of heat transfer. At present, there is not enough understanding of the mesoscale vortex 3D structure observation. Looking forward to the future there will be an ocean-scale mesoscale vortex 3D structure automatic observation system based on the unmanned platform, which integrates advanced technologies such as automatic underwater profile observation function, The vertical structure of scale vortex and its temporal and spatial variation characteristics, and then systematically understand the mesoscale vortex material and energy delivery.