High-resolution anoscopy(HRA) is a procedure where patients with an increased risk of anal cancer, like men who have sex with men, human immunodeficiency virus
Peroral cholangioscopy is an important tool for diagnosis and treatment of various biliary disorders. Peroral cholangioscopy can be performed by using a dedicat
Endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) and surgical intervention are two most common and effective treattreatments for gastric outlet obstruction. Correction of ga
Endoscopic management of biliary obstruction has evolved tremendously since the introduction of flexible fiberoptic endoscopes over 50 years ago. For the last s
The first laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in the mid-1980s. Since then, laparoscopic surgery has continued to gain prominence in numerous fields, and
Endoscopy has important roles in the managementof primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), ranging fromnarrowing down the differential diagnoses, screeningfor compli
Pelvic floor disorders are different dysfunctions of gynaecological, urinary or anorectal organs, which can present as incontinence, outlet-obstruction and orga