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直接言辞原则构筑了司法“非听不能审”的亲历性本质,更是考验庭审中心主义司法改革成效的试金石。从审级制度的功能定位出发,无论是英美法系还是大陆法系,言辞审理在二审程序中都呈现不同程度的衰落和弱化。我国民事二审程序坚持以开庭为原则,以不开庭为例外,但在实践运作中,低开庭率暴露出直接言辞原则在二审程序中被虚置和软化,遭遇原则与例外的倒置。欲有效克服我国民事二审言辞辩论形骸化、碎片化、漂流化的弊端,必须通过审前准备程序的实在化、人证出庭的强制化、非正式开庭规范化,并尝试破除二审绝对合议制的迷信,实行有限度的独任制。通过多措并举,实现直接言辞原则的一体化、集中化和实效化。
The principle of direct speech builds on the natural essence of the judicial “non-auditable trial” and is the litmus test of the effectiveness of the court-centered judicial reform. Starting from the functional orientation of the trial-level system, no matter Anglo-American legal system or civil law system, speech adjudication shows varying degrees of decline and weakening in the second instance. However, in practice, the principle of low speech rate revealed that the principle of direct speech was falsified and softened in the procedure of second instance, with the inversion of principle and exception. In order to effectively overcome the malpractice of demise, fragmentation and drifting in the debate on second instance of civil procedure in China, it is necessary to standardize the procedure of pre-trial preparation, the mandatory and informal hearing of witnesses, and try to get rid of the superstition of the second compulsory absolute compilation , The implementation of a limited system of independence. Through many measures, the principle of direct speech can be integrated, centralized and effective.