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目的 为探索智能低下儿童训练的有效方法。方法 分析163例智能低下儿童的高危因素;按波特奇(Portage)及弱智儿童早期教育法进行功能训练,训练2个疗程以上的56例为训练组;训练1～2次的31例为对照组,分析训练效果。结果 163例智能低下儿童中母孕期有高危因素者136例(83.5％);训练组儿童智商(IQ)或发育商(DQ)训练前得分66.1±3.7;训练后得分82.66±9.57,差异有显著性(P<0.01);新生儿颅内出血、新生儿窒息和过期产儿训练效果好,训练前后IQ(DQ)差异有显著性(P<0.05,P<0.01);1～5岁患儿训练前后IQ(DQ)差异有显著性(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 智能发育落后的儿童,在5岁前按Portage及弱智儿童早期教育法坚持训练,会取得显著效果。
Objective To explore an effective method for training children with mental retardation. Methods 163 high risk children with mental retardation were analyzed. According to the Portage and mentally retarded children early education method, 56 were trained as training group, and 1 or 2 trained 31 as control Group, analyze the training effect. Results Among 163 children with mental retardation, 136 (83.5%) had high risk factors during the first trimester of pregnancy. The score of IQ or DQ before training was 66.1 ± 3.7 in training group and 82.66 ± 9.57 after training, the difference was significant (P <0.01). The effect of intracranial hemorrhage, neonatal asphyxia and obstetric training was good, the difference of IQ (DQ) before and after training was significant (P <0.05, P <0.01) IQ (DQ) difference was significant (P <0.05, P <0.01). Conclusion Children with intellectual underdevelopment will achieve remarkable results when they are trained according to the Portage and Early Childhood Education Act before the age of 5.