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美国煤矿安全管理体制及立法演化史可以被分为早期安全管理立法阶段、修订完善阶段到日臻成熟三个重要的历史阶段。这三个阶段清晰地展现出了美国不同阶段煤矿安全及管理的基本特征。美国的煤矿安全管理体制由早期的行政管理与安全监督合一的一体化体制,逐步发展形成监、管分离,监督、复审约束制衡的科学的安全管理体制的沿革历程。社会舆论和行政管理是推动煤矿安全管理与立法进步的两大动力。《1977年联邦矿山安全与健康法案》对美国煤矿安全产生了重要影响,煤矿安全管理体制决定了其安全生产状况,同时对美国煤矿安全立法的基本技术途径的分析,为研究我国煤矿事故高发期的安全管理体制改革与发展提供借鉴。
The history of the U.S. coal mine safety management system and the evolution of legislation can be divided into three phases: the early legislative phase of safety management and the revision of the perfect phase to the maturity of three major historical phases. These three phases clearly demonstrate the basic characteristics of coal mine safety and management at different stages in the United States. The coal mine safety management system in the United States has been gradually evolving from the early integration of administration and safety supervision to the evolution of a scientific safety management system in which supervision and control are separated, supervised and reviewed. Social public opinion and administration are the two driving forces to promote coal mine safety management and legislative progress. The Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 has an important impact on the safety of coal mines in the United States. The safety management system of coal mines determines the status of its safety operations. At the same time, it analyzes the basic technical approaches to the safety legislation of coal mines in the United States. The safety management system reform and development to provide reference.