Three new anthraquinones, emodin-8-β-D-(2"-O-coumarate)glucoside 1, emodin-8-β-D-(6′-O-acetyl)glucoside 2 and physicon-8-β-D-(6′-O-acetyl)glucoside 3, were isolated from the roots of Polygonum cillinerve and their structures were established by spectroscopic methods. The biological activity indicated that compound 1 had the scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals (the IC50 = 8.5 μmol/L), and compound 1-3 showed no activities against HL-60 and BGC-823 cells by MTT method in vitro.