长期以来,苏联的半导体技术对外严加封锁。国外资料虽有一些报导,但量少而零碎,且由于目的不同而评价各异。因而,要全面地反映苏联的半导体技术是困难的。为了“知己知彼,百战不殆”,本文将杂采众说,提供一些点滴情况,仅供参考。(一)苏修社会帝国主义为了与美帝争霸世界,除了大力发展核武器外,还把电子工业列为重点发展的部门之一。自六十年代以来,电子工业平均每年增长21%,远远超过其他部门。苏联自称,它的无线电工业产品总产量从1951～1955年增加了三倍多,1968年以后平均增长18%,半导体产品增长也很快。 For a long time, the Soviet Union’s semiconductor technology has been severely blocked. Although there are some reports of foreign materials, they are small and fragmented, and they are appraised differently for different purposes. Therefore, to fully reflect the Soviet Union’s semiconductor technology is difficult. In order to “know ourselves, know yourself,” this article will be misleading, to provide some bit by bit, for reference purposes only. (1) Soviet Socialist Revitalization In order to compete with the United States and the Emperor for the hegemony of the world, in addition to vigorously developing nuclear weapons, the electronic industry has also been listed as one of the key development sectors. The electronics industry has seen an average annual increase of 21% since the 1960s, far exceeding other sectors. The Soviet Union claimed that its total output of radio industrial products increased more than threefold from 1951 to 1955, an average increase of 18% since 1968, and that of semiconductor products grew rapidly.