海绵肾是一利先天性、非遗传性、肾髓质囊性病变,其特征为肾锥体部的乳头管(Bellini氏管)以及集合管呈梭形或小囊状扩张;于扩张的囊腔内可充满钙盐.形成从砂粒样到细小结石。在肾标本切面,可见髓质中呈现海绵状改变。海绵肾在临床上较少见,由于对它的认识不足,常被误诊为尿路感染及上尿路结石等。 Sponge kidney is a congenital, non-hereditary, medullary cystic lesion that is characterized by a Bellini’s tube in the pyramidal portion and a fusiform or capsular dilatation of the collecting tube; Cavity can be filled with calcium salt, forming from sand-like to small stones. In the kidney specimen section, shows the medulla in sponge-like changes. Sponge kidney is clinically rare, due to its lack of knowledge, often misdiagnosed as urinary tract infection and upper urinary tract stones.