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目的分析2010-2012年西安市艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染人群的分布状况和变化趋势,为制定更加有效的艾滋病防治策略提供科学依据。方法收集2010-2012年HIV抗体确证阳性样本,横向分析样本人群来源及年龄、职业分布,纵向比较数据的年度变化,统计分析揭示数据背后的流行病学规律。结果由于监测力度增大,HIV抗体确证阳性样本逐年增加,2010-2012年分别检出372人、643人、808人,男性占90.0%,女性占10.0%。阳性样本在男男人群(MSM)和非婚异性性接触传播人群中所占比例最高,分别为45.4%和34.0%。MSM占阳性人群比例由32.5%增加到49.6%(P<0.01),MSM年龄多集中在15~45岁之间,大专及以上学历者占该人群的47.5%。非婚异性性接触感染阳性构成比3年分别为28.5%、31.7%、38.3%(P<0.01)。注射毒品、输血/血制品及母婴传播3种途径的感染构成比呈逐年下降趋势。<15岁感染者为母婴传播。结论 3年来西安市HIV感染阳性人数逐年增加,感染人群的分布及构成变化不同,因此,应该根据检出阳性人群的分布特征制定出更加合理有效的防治策略。
Objective To analyze the distribution and trend of HIV infection in Xi’an from 2010 to 2012 and provide a scientific basis for developing a more effective AIDS prevention and control strategy. Methods The positive HIV positive samples were collected from 2010 to 2012, and the source of the sample population was analyzed transversely. The annual changes of occupational distribution and vertical comparison data were also analyzed. The statistical analysis revealed the epidemiological rules behind the data. Results As the monitoring intensity increased, the positive samples confirmed by HIV antibody increased year by year. From 2010 to 2012, 372, 643 and 808 were detected, respectively, 90.0% for males and 10.0% for females. Positive samples accounted for the highest proportion of MSM and non-MSM, 45.4% and 34.0% respectively. The proportion of MSM positive population increased from 32.5% to 49.6% (P <0.01). The MSM ages were mostly between 15 and 45 years old, and those with post-secondary education accounted for 47.5% of the total population. The positive constituent ratio of non-marital sex contact infection was 28.5%, 31.7% and 38.3% respectively over the three years (P <0.01). Infection rates of injecting drugs, blood transfusion / blood products and mother-to-child transmission decreased year by year. <15 years old infected mother-to-child transmission. Conclusion The number of positive HIV infections in Xi’an increased year by year with different distribution and composition of infected population. Therefore, a more reasonable and effective control strategy should be formulated based on the distribution characteristics of positive population.