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以4个甘蓝型油菜品种为试验材料,在大田栽培条件下研究冬季自然低温对油菜功能叶脯氨酸、可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、丙二醛(MDA)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活性的影响。结果表明,日均温降至5℃以下,多数生理指标出现升高或降低现象,至3℃以下开始表现一定的生理性伤害,0℃以下则伤害加重。不同生理指标对低温的反应有不同,随着日均温降低至5℃以下,脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量上升,二者均在日均温降至0℃以下时达到最大值;而CAT活性在日均温降至5℃左右时明显升高并出现最大值,SOD活性则在3℃左右达到最高;SP、MDA含量在日均温降至10、5和0℃时呈先下降后上升的趋势。不同生理指标比较,以功能叶可溶性糖含量随环境温度下降而迅速升高的反应最明显;脯氨酸含量、SOD和CAT酶活性等指标能相对稳定地反应不同品种的抗寒性差异。根据不同品种在低温下的农艺性状表现及田间冻害指数,结合生理指标变化差异,认为4个品种中抗寒性相对较强的为‘华双5号’。
Four cultivars of Brassica napus were used as experimental materials to study the effect of natural low temperature in winter on the contents of proline, soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP), malondialdehyde (MDA) (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) activity of the enzyme. The results showed that the average daily temperature dropped below 5 ℃, the majority of physiological indicators of increased or decreased phenomenon to below 3 ℃ began to show some physiological damage, below 0 ℃ the injury worse. The responses of different physiological indexes to low temperature were different. As the daily average temperature dropped below 5 ℃, the content of proline and soluble sugar increased, both reaching the maximum value when the daily average temperature dropped below 0 ℃; and CAT activity When the daily average temperature dropped to about 5 ℃, the content of SOD increased sharply and reached its maximum value. The activity of SOD reached the highest at about 3 ℃. The SP and MDA contents decreased first and then increased when the average daily temperature dropped to 10, 5 and 0 ℃ the trend of. Compared with different physiological indexes, the soluble sugar content of functional leaves increased rapidly with the decrease of ambient temperature. The content of proline, SOD and CAT activity could react relatively stable to different cold tolerance of different varieties. According to the performance of agronomic traits of different varieties at low temperature and field frost damage index, combined with the difference of physiological indexes, it is considered that the cold resistance of the four cultivars is relatively “Huashang 5”.