自从100多年前Willian Murrell将硝酸甘油用于临床以来,硝酸甘油一直是抗心绞痛的主要药物。本文将重点复习硝酸甘油和有机硝酸酯类药物的药理学,并简短讨论目前各种不同的给药方法。 硝酸盐作用的基本机制 硝酸甘油和有机硝酸酯类药物具有一个基本的生理学作用:它们是静脉和动脉血管平滑肌的强有力扩张剂。硝酸甘油是典型的“直接”血管扩张剂。其作用不是通过神经内分泌之间的相互作用而是通过直接地松弛血管平滑肌产生的,目前尚不十分清楚硝酸甘油是怎样引起血管扩张的。有些学者指出, Nitroglycerin has been the major anti-anginal drug since Willian Murrell used it for more than 100 years. This article will focus on reviewing the pharmacology of nitroglycerin and organic nitrates, and briefly discuss various current methods of administration. The basic mechanism of nitrate action Nitroglycerin and organic nitrates have a fundamental physiological role: they are potent vasodilators for venous and arterial vascular smooth muscle. Nitroglycerin is a typical “direct” vasodilator. Its role is not through neuroendocrine interactions but by directly relaxing vascular smooth muscle production, it is not yet fully understood how nitroglycerin causes vasodilation. Some scholars pointed out: