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变应性鼻炎（AR）是耳鼻咽喉头颈外科常见的一种免疫性疾病，其发病率呈逐年上升趋势，严重影响人们生活、工作及学习质量。 AR的发病机制极其复杂，目前人们在基因、环境、免疫等各方面作了大量研究，其中免疫学因素是如何在变应性疾病发生、发展中发挥作用尤其重视，虽然免疫机制极其复杂，但概括为感应、反应及效应3个阶段。“,”Allergic rhinitis( AR) is one of the various common immunologic diseases of otolaryngology head and neck surgery.There is a yearly upward trend in its incidence, and AR has serious impacts on work, daily life and learning quality of people.The pathogenesis of AR is extremely complex.At present,plenty of researches have been done in genes,environment and immunity.The working mechanism of immunological factors in the occurrence and development of allergic diseases is especially important .Although the immune mechanism is very complicated,in general,it contains three stages including induction,reaction and effect.