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洋底热泉是海水通过洋底高热流区域(主要是洋中脊)广泛进行热对流的结果。循环的海水与洋底岩石之间的相互作用是控制海洋及洋壳化学性质的主要因素,当热液与冷的海水混合时,硫化矿物便从热液中沉淀出来。迄今为止,发现于洋底上述的与其他热泉,包括与它们共生的动物群,本文将予以讨论。它们之中,其中有些与存在于蛇绿岩(暴露于大陆的巨大洋壳碎块)中的古热泉系统有关。最有意义的是在蛇绿岩中有重要经济意义的金属硫化矿床。通过对这些矿床和其它相似矿床形成机理的进一步探讨获得一些新的认识,认为它们是由洋底热泉形成的。
The ocean bottom hot springs are the result of extensive convection of seawater through high heat flow areas in the ocean floor (mainly mid-ocean ridges). The interaction between recirculating seawater and ocean floor rocks is a major factor in controlling the chemical properties of the ocean and the oceanic crust, and sulphide minerals precipitate from hydrothermal fluids when they are mixed with cold seawater. To date, the faunas found above the ocean floor and other hot springs, including the symbiosis with them, will be discussed in this paper. Some of them are related to the ancient hot spring system found in ophiolites (massive oceanic crust exposed to the continent). The most significant is the metal sulphide deposit of great economic importance in ophiolites. Some new insights have been gained through further discussion of the formation mechanisms of these deposits and other similar deposits, suggesting that they are formed by ocean floor hot springs.