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胎儿畸形的发生率仅为0.9%,过去认为羊水过多时胎儿畸形发生率高,现今超声波问世,在发生羊水过多以前,就有可能在妊娠早期诊断胎儿畸形。胎儿异常早期诊断的超声波检查指征:①高龄孕妇,②既往有异常妊娠史,③近亲中有出生异常胎儿者,④易位携带者,⑤难免流、早产,⑥子宫过大或过小,⑦子宫内胎儿发育迟缓,⑧先露部、胎位不明,⑨胎心音异常(心律不齐),⑩自觉胎动异常。胎头畸形:于孕9周即可检出胎头为圆形光环;妊娠14周起可出现中线,可能是大脑镰的影像。详细观察头颅形态及头颅内部(脑室、脑实质、蝶鞍、)结构,诊断头部畸形还是可能的。无脑儿:应尽早确诊。多取仰伸位,看不到明显的头颅影像,容易诊断。Campbell谓妊娠14周以后即可能筛选无脑儿。在纵断面头颅不清、蛙形头,在横断面中线及脑室像均不清,即可确诊。
The incidence of fetal malformations was only 0.9%, in the past that when the excess amniotic fluid fetal malformations high incidence of ultrasound nowadays, in the event of polyhydramnios, it is possible to diagnose fetal malformations in early pregnancy. Fetal abnormalities early diagnosis of ultrasound indications: ① older pregnant women, ② history of abnormal pregnancy, ③ cousins have abnormal fetus, ④ translocation carriers, ⑤ inevitably flow, premature delivery, ⑥ uterus is too large or too small, ⑦ intrauterine fetal growth retardation, ⑧ first dew, fetal position unknown, ⑨ fetal heart sound abnormalities (arrhythmia), ⑩ abnormal fetal movement abnormalities. Fetal deformity: at 9 weeks of pregnancy can be detected as a circular halo fetal head; 14 weeks after pregnancy may appear midline, may be the image of the falx. It is still possible to observe the morphology of the skull and the structure inside the skull (ventricles, parenchyma, sella, etc.) in detail. No brains: should be diagnosed as soon as possible. Take more stretch position, can not see the obvious head images, easy to diagnose. Campbell said after 14 weeks of pregnancy, it is possible to screen children without brains. In the longitudinal section of the skull, frog-shaped head, in the cross section of the midline and ventricle are not clear, you can confirm.