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大中型商场是商业活动的中心。商场内人员高度密集、围护结构隔热性能差、各种功能的照明用电设备多,因而冷负荷量大。空调设计计算中如何正确选取主要参数值,对于满足舒适性需要和空调节能具有重要意义。商场空调运行实践表明,各项冷负荷的规律比例范围大致如下:人员与灯光约占总负荷的60—70%,新风约占23—30%;而围护结构仅占7—10%。其中围护结构与灯光所占的冷负荷是可精确计算的常量,无需更多讨论。据我国某些大型商场设计计算分析,人体负荷约占空调总负荷的50%左右。因此,在冷负荷计算中,仅人体和新风两项冷负荷约占冷负荷的70—80%。而人体负荷决定于商场客流量的多少,本文仅对客流量和新风量这两项主要参数的取值问题进行探讨。
Large and medium-sized shopping malls are the center of business activities. The high density of people in shopping malls, the poor thermal insulation performance of the enclosure structure, and the large number of lighting electrical equipment for various functions have resulted in a large amount of cooling load. How to correctly select the main parameter values in the air-conditioning design calculation is of great significance for satisfying the comfort requirements and air-conditioning energy saving. The practice of air-conditioning in shopping malls shows that the proportions of the regular cooling load ratios are roughly as follows: Personnel and lighting accounts for about 60-70% of the total load, and fresh air accounts for about 23-30%. The envelope structure only accounts for 7%-10%. The cooling load of the envelope structure and lighting is a constant that can be accurately calculated without further discussion. According to calculation and analysis of some large shopping malls in China, the human body’s load accounts for about 50% of the total air-conditioning load. Therefore, in the calculation of the cooling load, only the cold load of the human body and fresh air accounts for about 70-80% of the cooling load. The body load depends on the amount of traffic in the mall. This article only discusses the issue of the two main parameters of passenger flow and fresh air volume.