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目的:初步建立血液肿瘤患儿多学科合作的免疫接种模式，并探索其可行性。方法:前瞻性研究。以2017年3月至2018年8月上海儿童医学中心免疫接种门诊接诊的150例血液肿瘤及造血干细胞移植患儿为研究对象，通过组建团队、设计接种方案、培训人员和质量控制等步骤，开设多学科合作的免疫接种门诊，并实施接种计划。评估患儿疫苗接种实施情况，比较原发病治疗前后患儿乙型病毒性肝炎（简称乙肝）表面抗体（HBsAb）变化情况，对部分实行乙肝和麻疹、流行性腮腺炎（简称流腮）和风疹联合疫苗（简称麻腮风）接种的患儿，比较其接种前和接种后6个月HBsAb和麻疹、流腮、风疹血清免疫球蛋白G抗体（IgG）水平的变化情况；监测各疫苗接种后相关不良反应。组间比较采用χ2 检验或 Fisher确切概率法。结果:124例患儿按计划实施免疫接种，接种率达82.7%；124例患儿原发病治疗前后HBsAb阳性率差异有统计学意义［62.9%（78/124）比13.7%（17/124）， χ2= 63.489， n P<0.01］。64例患儿接种了3剂乙肝疫苗，40例患儿接种了麻腮风疫苗，接种后6个月患儿HBsAb［98.4%（63/64）比6.3%（4/64），n P<0.01］、麻疹IgG［82.5%（33/40）比22.5%（9/40），χ2=31.746，n P<0.01］、风疹IgG［82.5%（33/40）比22.5%（9/40）， χ2=28.872，n P<0.01］和流腮IgG［62.5%（25/40）比25.0%（10/40）， χ2=11.429，n P<0.01］阳性率均明显高于接种前，差异均有统计学意义；在421剂次的免疫接种中，25例出现可控的全身或局部反应，发生率为5.9%。n 结论:血液肿瘤患儿的免疫接种有重要意义。血液肿瘤患儿多学科合作的免疫接种模式切实可行，疫苗接种方案安全且具有一定效果。“,”Objective:To preliminarily establish the multidisciplinary cooperative vaccination management model for pediatric patients with hematological and oncological diseases, and to explore its feasibility.Methods:In this prospective study a total of 150 children with hematological and oncological diseases visited immunization clinic of Shanghai Children′s Medical Center from March 2017 to August 2018 were enrolled in this study. After establishing the multidisciplinary team, designing vaccination plan, staff training, implementation and quality control, a multidisciplinary immunization clinic was set up and the vaccination plan were implemented. The implementation rate of vaccination immunization, the HBsAb level and serum hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) level before and after treatment, the HBsAb level and serum immunoglobulin G antibody (IgG) levels of measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) before and 6 months after immunization, the vaccine-related adverse reactions were assessed prospectively. Chi-square test or Fisher exact test was used to compare the differences of antibody level.Results:A total of 124 cases had been vaccinated as planned, with a coverage rate of 82.7%. Among these cases, the difference of HBsAb positive rate before and after treatment was significant (62.9% (78/124) n vs.13.7% (17/124), χ2= 63.489, n P<0.01). In 64 cases that completed three doses of hepatitis B immunization, there was a significant difference in HBsAb positive rate before and 6 months after immunization (6.3% (4/64) n vs. 98.4% (63/64), n P<0.01). In 40 cases that completed MMR immunization, the IgG antibody positive rate for measles (22.5% (9/40) n vs. 82.5% (33/40), χ2n =31.746,n P<0.01), mumps (22.5% (9/40) n vs.82.5% (33/40), χ2n =28.872,n P<0.01), rubella (25.0% (10/40) n vs.62.5% (25/40), χ2n =11.429, n P<0.01) before and 6 months after immunization were significantly different. Of the 421 doses of immunization, 25 (5.9%) doses reported controlled systemic or local adverse event.n Conclusions:The immunization of pediatric patients with hematological and oncological diseases is of great importance. The newly-developed multidisciplinary cooperation immunization model for Chinese children with hematological and oncological diseases is feasible, and the immunization protocol is safe and has a certain effect.