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目的分析北京市某区农村自备井生活饮用水感官性状和一般化学指标的状态,为提高生活饮用水的水质提供现实参考依据。方法以分层随机抽样的方法对北京市某区2010-2014年农村自备井的生活饮用水采样,水样按照《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)对感官性状和一般化学指标进行评价,并且分析自备井的深度、自备井周边的污染源、自备井消毒设施的运转状态对水样感官性状和一般化学指标的影响。结果以绝对数表示,采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行统计分析,计量资料用均数±标准差(xˉ±s)表示,采用t检验,计数资料用率(%)表示,采用χ2检验,P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。结果本研究合计采集自备井饮用水911份,感官性状和一般化学指标合格率为93.19%;2010年、2012—2014年,井深超过60 m的自备井饮用水感官性状和一般化学指标合格率高于井深低于60 m的自备井(均P<0.05);2010、2012、2013年,井周围50 m以内无污染源的自备井饮用水感官性状和一般化学指标合格率高于井周围50 m以内有污染源的自备井(均P<0.05);2010-2012年,消毒设施运转正常的自备井饮用水感官性状和一般化学指标合格率高于消毒设施运转不正常的自备井(均P<0.05)。结论海淀区农村自备井水质还存在安全隐患,应加强消毒设备使用状态的管理,提高生活饮用水的质量。
Objective To analyze the state of sensory traits and general chemical indicators of drinking water in rural self-provided wells in a certain area of Beijing, and provide a realistic reference for improving the quality of drinking water. Methods Stratified random sampling method was used to sample domestic drinking water from rural well prepared in 2010-2014 in a district of Beijing. Sensory traits and general chemical indicators were measured according to “Sanitary Standard for Domestic Drinking Water” (GB5749-2006) Evaluation, and analysis of the depth of self-owned wells, self-prepared wells around the source of pollution, self-prepared wells operating status of water samples of sensory properties and general chemical indicators. The results were expressed in absolute numbers, and statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 17.0 statistical software. The measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (xˉ ± s), t test was used, and the count data was expressed as%, using the χ2 test, P <0.05 Said the difference was statistically significant. Results In this study, a total of 911 wells of drinking water from wells were collected, the pass rate of sensory traits and general chemical indicators was 93.19%. In 2010 and 2012-2014, the sensory properties and general chemical indexes of drinking water with well depth of more than 60 m were qualified (P <0.05). In 2010, 2012 and 2013, the qualified rate of sensory properties and general chemical indexes of self-prepared wells with no pollution sources within 50 m around the well were higher than that of well (P <0.05). From 2010 to 2012, the qualified rate of drinking water sensory traits and general chemical indicators of self-prepared wells with disinfecting facilities were higher than that of disinfected facilities which did not operate normally Well (all P <0.05). Conclusion The water quality of rural self-provided wells in Haidian still poses potential safety problems. The management of the use status of disinfection equipment should be strengthened to improve the quality of drinking water.