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Two G. somalense monosomic alien addition lines were identified from the derived backcross progenies of allohexaploid between G. hirsutum and G. somalense through cytological and morphological observation. Furthermore, the alien addition chromosome was identified and distinguished by RAPD analysis. A total of 160 RAPD primers were used for PCR amplification. Primer SBSG11 could produce a specific molecular marker (600 bp) for monosomic alien addition line Ⅰ(MAAL Ⅰ). Primer SBSC03 could produce a specific molecular marker (700 bp) for monosomic alien addition line Ⅱ(MAAL Ⅱ). SBSE07 and SBSE08 could respectively produce common molecular marker for monosomic alien addition lines Ⅰ and Ⅱ. G . somalense alien addition lines could be important for cotton improvement.