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土壤侵蚀模型已被广泛用于认知土壤侵蚀因素、土壤侵蚀过程及其交互作用,并且成为土壤侵蚀学科研究的重点之一。多数现有土壤侵蚀模型是基于次暴雨的坡面、小流域侵蚀产沙模型,能够适用于区域尺度、长时段的土壤侵蚀模型仍较为缺乏。在我国,土壤侵蚀严重且时空分异显著,对区域尺度、长时段土壤侵蚀模型的需求尤为紧迫。PESERA模型是一个新开发的具有物理基础、大尺度、长时段、分布式土壤侵蚀模型,能够有效弥补当前土壤侵蚀模型的尺度不足,为土壤侵蚀防治和生态恢复提供科学依据。该模型充分考虑水文,土壤侵蚀与植被生长过程及其交互,具有良好的物理基础,并且已在欧洲地区进行广泛应用和验证。系统介绍了PESERA模型的原理、输入参数与输出结果及其应用、验证和改进,以期为该模型未来在国内土壤侵蚀研究中的应用提供参考。
Soil erosion models have been widely used to recognize soil erosion factors, soil erosion processes and their interactions, and become one of the focuses in the field of soil erosion research. Most of the existing soil erosion models are based on sub-heavy rain on the slope, small watershed erosion and sediment yield model can be applied to the regional scale, long-term soil erosion model is still relatively scarce. In our country, the soil erosion is serious and the spatiotemporal differentiation is significant. The demand of the soil erosion model at the regional scale and long time is particularly urgent. PESERA model is a newly developed model with physical foundation, large-scale, long-term and distributed soil erosion model, which can effectively compensate for the current scale of soil erosion and provide a scientific basis for soil erosion control and ecological restoration. The model has a good physical basis for full consideration of hydrological, soil erosion and vegetation growth processes and their interactions and has been widely used and validated in Europe. The principle of PESERA model, input parameters and output, its application, verification and improvement are introduced systematically in order to provide references for the future application of this model in the research of soil erosion in China.