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目的 阐明大桥水库修建导致的环境变化及探讨其对当地血吸虫病流行的影响。方法 收集大桥水库工程的相关资料 ,分析当地血吸虫病分布情况及流行规律 ,对库区、灌区的环境变动趋势及其与血吸虫病流行的关系进行探讨。结果 水库修建后将出现 3类与钉螺孳生关系密切的新环境 :1新灌溉系中的农、毛灌溉渠 ;2灌区扩大所及耕地和坡度 <15°的新开荒地 ;3被废弃的原有沟渠和脱水河段。结论 灌区工程建成后 ,将新增大量潜在钉螺孳生环境 ,钉螺通过干、支渠的输送 ,可将灌区原来局限、散布的有螺点扩散 ;而环境的改变 ,人们的一些行为也会发生变化 ,将有利于血吸虫生活史的完成 ,进而逐渐扩大疫区范围 ,加重血吸虫病流行。为防患于未然 ,灌区工程建设应与灭螺工作和血防健康教育相结合。
Objective To clarify the environmental changes caused by the construction of Daqiao Reservoir and to explore its impact on the prevalence of schistosomiasis. Methods The data of Daqiao reservoir project were collected, the distribution and prevalence of schistosomiasis were analyzed, and the trend of environmental changes in the reservoir area and irrigated area and its relationship with the prevalence of schistosomiasis were also discussed. Results After the construction of the reservoir, there will be 3 new types of environment that are closely related to snail breeding: 1 agricultural and furrow irrigation canals in the new irrigation system; 2 new irrigated canals whose cultivated land and slope degree are less than 15 °; 3 the original Ditch and dehydrated sections. Conclusion After the irrigation project is completed, a large number of potential snail breeding environments will be added. The transmission of snails through dry and branch channels will cause the limited and scattered snail spots to diffuse in the irrigated area. However, some changes in the environment will change people’s behavior. Will be conducive to the completion of schistosome life history, and then gradually expand the scope of endemic areas, increasing the prevalence of schistosomiasis. In order to take precautionary measures, the construction of irrigation districts should be combined with the work of eliminating snails and preventing blood diseases.