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为明确免耕栽培对植烟旱地土壤微生物和酶活性的变化特征及对烟叶产量的影响,设置了免耕栽培、翻耕不中耕栽培、常规翻耕栽培田间试验。结果表明:(1)植烟土壤中细菌数量占大部分,其次是放线菌,真菌最少,细菌数量和微生物总活性在烤烟成熟期达到最大值,免耕对微生物数量的影响主要集中在0~5 cm表层土壤,随着土层加深,影响减小;(2)蔗糖酶活性在烤烟生长中后期最高,脲酶、磷酸酶活性在伸根期达到最高,免耕对土壤酶活性的影响集中在0~5 cm表层土壤,随土层加深,影响减小;(3)免耕栽培对烟叶产量、产值、均价及中上等烟叶比例等影响不显著。综合考虑土壤生态、经济效益,免耕栽培值得在湘西旱地植烟区推广。
In order to clarify the changing characteristics of soil microorganism and enzyme activity and the effect on the yield of tobacco in dry farmland, a set of no-tillage cultivation, tillage non-tillage cultivation and conventional tillage cultivation field experiment were set up. The results showed as follows: (1) The majority of bacteria in tobacco planting soil followed by actinomycetes, with the lowest number of fungi, the highest number of bacteria and the total activity of microbes at the maturing stage of flue-cured tobacco. The effects of no-tillage on the number of microorganisms mainly concentrated on 0 (2) Sucrase activity was the highest in the middle and late stages of tobacco growth, urease and phosphatase activities reached the highest at the rooting stage, and the effect of no-tillage on soil enzyme activity was concentrated In 0-5 cm topsoil, with the deepening of the soil layer, the impact decreased; (3) No-tillage cultivation had no significant effect on the yield, output value, average price and the ratio of middle and upper leaves of tobacco. Comprehensive consideration of soil ecology, economic benefits, no-till cultivation is worth promoting in dry land in western Hunan.