目的了解农村社区育龄妇女生殖健康状况,为开展计划生育优质服务提供理论参考依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,抽取农村社区育龄妇女88550人次作为生殖健康普查组,随机抽取城市社区已婚育龄妇女16003人次作为生殖健康对照组。两组结果采用χ2检验。结果生殖健康普查组中妇科疾病患病率约为64.0%,妇科疾病患病率与妇女年龄成正相关;生殖健康对照组妇科疾病患病率为60.1%,两组已婚育龄妇女患病率比较具有显著性差异(χ2=45.46,P<0.05)。结论目前育龄妇女仍面临诸多的生殖健康问题。特别是农村社区已婚育龄妇女生殖健康状况更是不容乐观。在计划生育工作中应对该群体加强普查、普治及生殖保健咨询,针对不同年龄段的农村已婚育龄妇女特点,开展有特色的生殖健康服务项目。 Objective To understand the reproductive health status of women of childbearing age in rural communities and provide theoretical reference for carrying out family planning services. Methods A total of 88550 women of childbearing age in rural community were selected as the reproductive health census group by cluster sampling method and randomly selected 16003 women of childbearing age from urban community as reproductive health control group. Two groups of results using χ2 test. Results The prevalence of gynecological diseases in the reproductive health census group was about 64.0%. The prevalence of gynecological diseases was positively correlated with the age of women. The prevalence of gynecological diseases in reproductive health control group was 60.1%. The prevalence rates of married women of childbearing age in the two groups were compared There was a significant difference (χ2 = 45.46, P <0.05). Conclusion At present, women of childbearing age still face many reproductive health problems. Especially in rural communities reproductive health status of married women of childbearing age is even more optimistic. In the work of family planning, the group should strengthen census, general and reproductive health counseling, and carry out special reproductive health service projects aimed at the characteristics of rural married women of childbearing age in different age groups.