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对21个矮秆的(株高在90cm以下)杂种一代的产量与主要性状之间的表现型及基因型关联性作了研究,主要结果如下: 在11个调查性状中,有6个性状与产量有显著的表现型正相关关系,这些性状是:株高,穗长,着粒密度,每穗小穗数,每穗实粒数和结实率,其中以每穗实粒数与产量的关系最为密切,上述关系在较大程度上是由遗传因素所决定。每穗空粒数与产量之间呈显著的表现型负相关,这种关系主要地取决于环境因素。每株茎数和每株穗数与产量间存在着较密切的基因型负相关。百粒重与产量之间相关系数极小。在3个产量构成性状对产量的直接作用中,以每穗实粒数的作用最大,每株穗数的作用明显地低于每穗实粒数,百粒重的作用又较每株穗数小,因此,在设计和选配高产的杂交水稻组合时,应该特别注意提高每穗实粒数。
The phenotypic and genotypic relationships between yield and major traits of 21 dwarf (plant height less than 90cm) hybrids were studied. The main results are as follows: Among the 11 surveyed traits, 6 traits and There was a significant phenotypic positive correlation between yield and grain yield. The traits were: plant height, spike length, grain density, spikelet number per panicle, grain number per spike and seed setting rate. The relationship between seed number per panicle and grain yield Most closely, the above relationship is to a large extent determined by genetic factors. There was a significant phenotypic negative correlation between the number of empty grains per panicle and the yield, which depends mainly on the environmental factors. There was a close genotype negative correlation between the number of stems per plant and the number of panicles per plant. The correlation coefficient between 100-grain weight and yield is extremely small. In the direct effect of three traits of yield traits on yield, the effect of grain number per panicle was the largest. The effect of panicles per panicle was significantly lower than that of solid grains per panicle. The effect of 100-grain weight was more than that of panicle per panicle Therefore, when designing and matching high-yielding hybrid rice combinations, special attention should be paid to increasing the number of grains per panicle.