产权与收入之间具有对应关系,但产权的界定和保护是由国家来实施的。这样,产权就与国家和个人的利益纠缠在一起。有效率的产权安排能够完全消除或减少不确定性并能够对经济行为人产生长期而稳定的预期和正的激励。不过,有时国家会保护无效的产权,其结果既可能产生收入分配上的平均主义又可以出现收入分配差距过大的倾向。 There is a corresponding relationship between property rights and income, but the definition and protection of property rights are implemented by the state. In this way, property rights are entangled with the interests of nations and individuals. Efficient arrangements for ownership can eliminate or reduce uncertainty altogether and generate long-term, stable expectations and positive incentives for economic agents. However, sometimes countries will protect ineffective property rights, the result of which may be the generation of egalitarian distribution of income and the tendency of large disparities in income distribution.