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词形转换是近几年中考英语试卷中重点考查的项目之一。具体的题型有“用所给问的适当形式填空”等。该题型既要求考生具备扎实的单词拼写识记能力，更要求考生能够根据具体的语境、句型、前后搭配而灵活运用单词的各种变化形式。因此，这种题型仍将是今后几年中考的重点。而派生词(指一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成的单词)在词形变换中占相当的比重。笔者结合近几年江苏各地的中考试卷，对词缀考法(谓语动词的后缀形式除外)归纳如下：
1．副词后缀-ly
很多形容词都可通过加后缀-ly而转化为副词，用来修饰行为动词、形容词或副词。如：bad-badly careful-carefully real-really clear-clearly wide-widely quick-quicklysafe-safely polite-politely quiet-quietly usual-usually lucky-luckily heavy-heavilyhappy-happily easy-easily angry-angrily等都是考查的热点。考生在做这类词形转换时，最大的困难在于难以决定用形容词还是副词。如(1)She is looking______(happy)atherself in the mirror．(2)It’s (real) cold today．这两题中，考生都会误以为是系表结构，而用形容词。事实上，两句中都应该用副词来分别修饰行为动词look和形容问co1d．
中考点击：
1．Be careful，or you won’t work out the physics problem_______(easy)．(扬州，2005)
2．He is doing his homework as_____(care) as Beibei．(宿迁，2002)
3．English is______(wide)used in the world.(南京，2002)
4．How____(happy)they are watching the football match on TV！(淮安，2002)
2．序数词后缀-th／eth
基数词通过加后缀-th变为序数词(first second third特殊)，用来表示顺序。如：four-fourth five-fifth nine-ninth twelve-twelfth twenty-twentieth等。
中考点击：
5．I think the_____(four)lesson is the most difficult in the book．(南京，2003)
6．My mother has just had her___(fifty)birthday．(徐州，2004)
7．I live on the_______(five)floor in that tall building．(镇江，2004)
8．There are two dialogues in the_______(twelve)lesson．(徐州，2003)
3．名词后缀-er／or
某些动词加后缀-er／or用来表示该动作的执行者。如：farm-farmer play-Playersing-singer work-worker write-writer own-owner run-runner win-winner act-actorinvent-inventor visit-visitor等。命题时，考查这些词的复数形式更为常见，所以考生要特别小心。
中考点击：
9．At the end of first lap，all the____(run)were neck and neck．(无锡，2002)
10．He is showing some_____(visit)from Japan around our school．(南通，2002)
11．Who are the_____(write)of the dictionary?(徐州，2004)
12．Every child has a dream．My dream is to be a pop______(sing)．(淮安，2005)
4．比较等级后缀-er／est
形容词和副词的比较等级是初中阶段的语法重点。考生要熟记各种变化规则和不规则变化，同时要弄清比较的范围，确定比较级和最高级的取舍。
中考点击：
13．Bill got up_____(early)than his sister．(徐州，2002)
14．There are four people in my family．I’m the______(young)of all．(镇江，2004)
15．Which river is______(long)，the Yangtze River or the Yellow River?(无锡，2003)
16．Today is perhaps the_______(hot)day of these days．(南通，2004)
5．形容词后缀-y/ly
某些名词加后缀-y转化为形容词。如：cloud-cloudy wind-windy sun-sunny rain-rainy snow-snowy fun-funny noise-noisy health-healthy hunger-hungry luck-lucky love-lovely friend-friendly等。
中考点击：
17．What bad weather！It’s________(cloud)again．(宿迁，2m4)
18．“Turn down the radio．It’s too______(noise)．”said mother(徐州，2004)
19．If you want to keep______(health)，you’d better take more exercises and eat lessfood．(无锡，2003)
20．Miss Li is very________(friend)to us．We all like her．(镇江，2003)
6．分词形容词后缀-ed／ing
有些动词可以后缀-ed/ing用作形容词。如：interest-interested／interesting excite-excited／exciting surprise-surprised／surprising tire-tired／tiring live-1iving worry-worriedcrowd-crowded等。有的考生容易混淆前四组形容词。教你一招：先看后，再看前。“先 看后”指先看看空格后所接的名词表示人还是表示物。表示人，加-ed；表示物，加-ing．“再看前”指如果空格后不接名词，再看看前面主语是人还是物，方法同上。
中考点击：
21．I think English is very useful．Are you______(interest)in it?(宿迁，2005)
22．The book is very_______(interest)．She enjoys it very mach．(淮安，2002)
23．You may be______(worry)if you are in trouble and have no one to help you．(泰州，2005)
24．There are over 5000_______(liye)languages in the world．(南通，2003)
25．Li1y told us a______(surprise)piece of news．(徐州，2005)
7．其他形容词后缀-ern／ful／en／ous
如：south-southern north-northern east-eastern west-western care-careful help-helpful color-colorful pain—painful thank-thankful use-useful wonder-wonderfulwool-woolen wood-wooden danger-dangerous
中考点击：
26．The Shute family live in the_______(south)part of the USA．(泰州，2002)
27．Do you think your school life is________(color)?(无锡，2004)
28．Too mach homework is really________(pain)to students．(徐州，2005)
29．The small town lies in the________(north)part of the island．(无锡，2002)
30．Could you tell me how much you Paid for this_______(wool)sweater？(无锡，2005)
8．动名词或现在分词后缀-ing
动词加后缀—ins转化为动名词或现在分词，做主语、宾语、定语或固定结构等。如：build-building read-reading swim-swimming run-running jog-jogging shop-shopping skate-skating等。考生易出现两类失误：一、双写出错，如：(runing,rainning)等。在做宾语用的动名词前加上be动词。如：She is good at (is swimming．)
中考点击：
31．Tom enjoys_______(skate)very much．(徐州，2002)
32．Please make a______(shop)list before you go out to buy things．(徐州，2005)
33．Lily is a quiet girl．She enjoys________(read)very much．(淮安，2003)
34．We often go_______(swim)in summer．(南京，2002)
9．名词后缀-ion／ation
某些动词加后缀-jon变为名词。如：co1lect-collection invent-invention invite-invitationcelebrate-celebration instruct-instruction等。考生做这种变化时，也要注意单复数。
中考点击：
35．A computer is one of the most useful________(invent)．(泰州，2002)
10．名词后缀-ness／ist／th／ty／ce／y／an／ese／
近几年考得相对较少，今年中考应引起重视。如：busy-business kind—kindness ill-illness happy-happiness dark-darkness science-scientist art-artist piano-pianist tour-tourist wide-Width true-truth dead-death long-length difficult-difficulty safe-safetyimportant-importance different-difference one-once two-twice library-librarian music-musician America-American Canada-Canadian Indian-Indian China-Chinese Japan-Japanese
中考点击：
36．As a____，she works to serve readers．(library)(扬州，2005)
11．形容词反义前缀-im／un及反义后缀-less
如：possible-impossible happy-unhappy usual-unusual lucky-unlucky like-unlike care-careless help-helpless use-useless home-homeless
中考点击：
37．It’s_______(usual)for him to go out much because he likes reading at home．(常州，2003)
38．________(like)football，basketball is played with five members on each side．(淮安，2004)
39．Allan was very_______(care)yesterday and broke one of his legs．(徐州，2003)
12．复合词缀
有时所给的词要经过几步变化，转换为前后缀兼有或几个后缀的复合词缀形式，才符合题意要求。这种题型难度较大，需要考生特别细心。
中考点击：
40．The more exercise you take，the______you’ll be．(health)(扬州，2005)
解题思路：health-healthy-healthier
41．Tom did his homework so_______(care)that he made many mistakes yesterday．(南京，2004)
解题思路：care-careless-carelessly
42．Another two pupils_______swam across the Qiongzhou Channel on June 2，2005．(success)(无锡，2005)
解题思路：success-successful-successfully
43________(luck)，I’ve bought the last tickets for the interesting film．(无锡，2002)
解题思路：luck-lucky-luckily
44．He was_______(luck)to lose all the books borrowed from the school library．(泰州，2002)
解题思路：luck-lucky-unlucky
综合近年江苏各地中考英语试卷中词缀考法的题型，可以看出考查的范围相对稳定，但所提供的情景越来越丰富，对考生灵活运用词汇的能力要求越来越高。不过，同学们只要平时多注意归纳，是能做好这类词形转换的。
责任编辑／张彩萍mirenr@sina．com
1．副词后缀-ly
很多形容词都可通过加后缀-ly而转化为副词，用来修饰行为动词、形容词或副词。如：bad-badly careful-carefully real-really clear-clearly wide-widely quick-quicklysafe-safely polite-politely quiet-quietly usual-usually lucky-luckily heavy-heavilyhappy-happily easy-easily angry-angrily等都是考查的热点。考生在做这类词形转换时，最大的困难在于难以决定用形容词还是副词。如(1)She is looking______(happy)atherself in the mirror．(2)It’s (real) cold today．这两题中，考生都会误以为是系表结构，而用形容词。事实上，两句中都应该用副词来分别修饰行为动词look和形容问co1d．
中考点击：
1．Be careful，or you won’t work out the physics problem_______(easy)．(扬州，2005)
2．He is doing his homework as_____(care) as Beibei．(宿迁，2002)
3．English is______(wide)used in the world.(南京，2002)
4．How____(happy)they are watching the football match on TV！(淮安，2002)
2．序数词后缀-th／eth
基数词通过加后缀-th变为序数词(first second third特殊)，用来表示顺序。如：four-fourth five-fifth nine-ninth twelve-twelfth twenty-twentieth等。
中考点击：
5．I think the_____(four)lesson is the most difficult in the book．(南京，2003)
6．My mother has just had her___(fifty)birthday．(徐州，2004)
7．I live on the_______(five)floor in that tall building．(镇江，2004)
8．There are two dialogues in the_______(twelve)lesson．(徐州，2003)
3．名词后缀-er／or
某些动词加后缀-er／or用来表示该动作的执行者。如：farm-farmer play-Playersing-singer work-worker write-writer own-owner run-runner win-winner act-actorinvent-inventor visit-visitor等。命题时，考查这些词的复数形式更为常见，所以考生要特别小心。
中考点击：
9．At the end of first lap，all the____(run)were neck and neck．(无锡，2002)
10．He is showing some_____(visit)from Japan around our school．(南通，2002)
11．Who are the_____(write)of the dictionary?(徐州，2004)
12．Every child has a dream．My dream is to be a pop______(sing)．(淮安，2005)
4．比较等级后缀-er／est
形容词和副词的比较等级是初中阶段的语法重点。考生要熟记各种变化规则和不规则变化，同时要弄清比较的范围，确定比较级和最高级的取舍。
中考点击：
13．Bill got up_____(early)than his sister．(徐州，2002)
14．There are four people in my family．I’m the______(young)of all．(镇江，2004)
15．Which river is______(long)，the Yangtze River or the Yellow River?(无锡，2003)
16．Today is perhaps the_______(hot)day of these days．(南通，2004)
5．形容词后缀-y/ly
某些名词加后缀-y转化为形容词。如：cloud-cloudy wind-windy sun-sunny rain-rainy snow-snowy fun-funny noise-noisy health-healthy hunger-hungry luck-lucky love-lovely friend-friendly等。
中考点击：
17．What bad weather！It’s________(cloud)again．(宿迁，2m4)
18．“Turn down the radio．It’s too______(noise)．”said mother(徐州，2004)
19．If you want to keep______(health)，you’d better take more exercises and eat lessfood．(无锡，2003)
20．Miss Li is very________(friend)to us．We all like her．(镇江，2003)
6．分词形容词后缀-ed／ing
有些动词可以后缀-ed/ing用作形容词。如：interest-interested／interesting excite-excited／exciting surprise-surprised／surprising tire-tired／tiring live-1iving worry-worriedcrowd-crowded等。有的考生容易混淆前四组形容词。教你一招：先看后，再看前。“先 看后”指先看看空格后所接的名词表示人还是表示物。表示人，加-ed；表示物，加-ing．“再看前”指如果空格后不接名词，再看看前面主语是人还是物，方法同上。
中考点击：
21．I think English is very useful．Are you______(interest)in it?(宿迁，2005)
22．The book is very_______(interest)．She enjoys it very mach．(淮安，2002)
23．You may be______(worry)if you are in trouble and have no one to help you．(泰州，2005)
24．There are over 5000_______(liye)languages in the world．(南通，2003)
25．Li1y told us a______(surprise)piece of news．(徐州，2005)
7．其他形容词后缀-ern／ful／en／ous
如：south-southern north-northern east-eastern west-western care-careful help-helpful color-colorful pain—painful thank-thankful use-useful wonder-wonderfulwool-woolen wood-wooden danger-dangerous
中考点击：
26．The Shute family live in the_______(south)part of the USA．(泰州，2002)
27．Do you think your school life is________(color)?(无锡，2004)
28．Too mach homework is really________(pain)to students．(徐州，2005)
29．The small town lies in the________(north)part of the island．(无锡，2002)
30．Could you tell me how much you Paid for this_______(wool)sweater？(无锡，2005)
8．动名词或现在分词后缀-ing
动词加后缀—ins转化为动名词或现在分词，做主语、宾语、定语或固定结构等。如：build-building read-reading swim-swimming run-running jog-jogging shop-shopping skate-skating等。考生易出现两类失误：一、双写出错，如：(runing,rainning)等。在做宾语用的动名词前加上be动词。如：She is good at (is swimming．)
中考点击：
31．Tom enjoys_______(skate)very much．(徐州，2002)
32．Please make a______(shop)list before you go out to buy things．(徐州，2005)
33．Lily is a quiet girl．She enjoys________(read)very much．(淮安，2003)
34．We often go_______(swim)in summer．(南京，2002)
9．名词后缀-ion／ation
某些动词加后缀-jon变为名词。如：co1lect-collection invent-invention invite-invitationcelebrate-celebration instruct-instruction等。考生做这种变化时，也要注意单复数。
中考点击：
35．A computer is one of the most useful________(invent)．(泰州，2002)
10．名词后缀-ness／ist／th／ty／ce／y／an／ese／
近几年考得相对较少，今年中考应引起重视。如：busy-business kind—kindness ill-illness happy-happiness dark-darkness science-scientist art-artist piano-pianist tour-tourist wide-Width true-truth dead-death long-length difficult-difficulty safe-safetyimportant-importance different-difference one-once two-twice library-librarian music-musician America-American Canada-Canadian Indian-Indian China-Chinese Japan-Japanese
中考点击：
36．As a____，she works to serve readers．(library)(扬州，2005)
11．形容词反义前缀-im／un及反义后缀-less
如：possible-impossible happy-unhappy usual-unusual lucky-unlucky like-unlike care-careless help-helpless use-useless home-homeless
中考点击：
37．It’s_______(usual)for him to go out much because he likes reading at home．(常州，2003)
38．________(like)football，basketball is played with five members on each side．(淮安，2004)
39．Allan was very_______(care)yesterday and broke one of his legs．(徐州，2003)
12．复合词缀
有时所给的词要经过几步变化，转换为前后缀兼有或几个后缀的复合词缀形式，才符合题意要求。这种题型难度较大，需要考生特别细心。
中考点击：
40．The more exercise you take，the______you’ll be．(health)(扬州，2005)
解题思路：health-healthy-healthier
41．Tom did his homework so_______(care)that he made many mistakes yesterday．(南京，2004)
解题思路：care-careless-carelessly
42．Another two pupils_______swam across the Qiongzhou Channel on June 2，2005．(success)(无锡，2005)
解题思路：success-successful-successfully
43________(luck)，I’ve bought the last tickets for the interesting film．(无锡，2002)
解题思路：luck-lucky-luckily
44．He was_______(luck)to lose all the books borrowed from the school library．(泰州，2002)
解题思路：luck-lucky-unlucky
综合近年江苏各地中考英语试卷中词缀考法的题型，可以看出考查的范围相对稳定，但所提供的情景越来越丰富，对考生灵活运用词汇的能力要求越来越高。不过，同学们只要平时多注意归纳，是能做好这类词形转换的。
责任编辑／张彩萍mirenr@sina．com