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1844～1846年是马克思和恩格斯的哲学立场和政治立场发生转变的关键时期。在此期间,马克思提出了实践的观点,并以理论的形式表现在其早期著作中,即《1844年经济学哲学手稿》《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》《德意志意识形态》。在这三本著作中,马克思恩格斯鲜明地阐述了他们的实践观及其哲学观变革,为无产阶级乃至全人类的解放提供了思想武器和理论指导。《1844年经济学哲学手稿》是实践观雏形形成的著作,重点考察了物质生产劳动、特别是“异化劳动”这种最基本的实践形式;《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》和《德意志意识形态》一起表述了新世界观的基本立场和要点,使实践观点得以展开和发挥。随着对“实践”的内涵、本质和作用的认识的不断深刻,实践观也逐渐全面与科学起来。
1844-1846 is a crucial period for the transformation of Marx’s and Engels’s philosophical positions and political positions. During this period, Marx put forward the viewpoint of practice and manifested it in his early works in the form of theory, that is, the “Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844”, the “Outline of Feuerbach” and the “German Ideology.” Among these three books, Marx and Engels clearly stated their view of practice and their change of philosophy, which provided ideological weapons and theoretical guidance for the liberation of the proletariat and even of mankind. The 1844 Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts is a book on which the concept of practice is formed. It focuses on the most basic forms of practice of material production, especially the “alienated labor”; the “Outline on Feuerbach” and the “ German Ideology ”together expressed the basic position and key points of the New World Outlook and enabled the practice viewpoint to be expanded and exerted. With the deepening understanding of the connotation, essence and function of “practice ”, the concept of practice has gradually become more comprehensive and scientific.