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虽然修昔底德自许为客观史学家,其经典历史著作《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》中却隐含着一部悲剧。修昔底德比一般政治悲剧家更为深刻的是,他认识到在历史最为有价值的、美好的事物当中蕴藏着悲剧。美好理想的强者由于自身的错误导致悲惨后果是一个标准的希腊悲剧。而如果为了避免政治的悲剧性,人们又不得不躲避崇高和美好,规避人性,永远生活在平庸当中。揭示这一几乎无解的悖论使修昔底德能够为刚刚诞生的现实主义政治理论注入深刻的问题意识,其思考对于普遍关心大国崛起的今天或许依然具有启发意义。
Although Thucydides himself is an objective historian, his tragedy is implicit in his classic history of the Peloponnesian War. More profound than most political tragedies, Thucydides recognized the tragedy in the most valuable and beautiful things in history. The tragedy of a beautiful, ideally powerful person due to his own mistakes is a standard Greek tragedy. And if in order to avoid the tragedy of politics, people have to evade lofty and beautiful, to avoid human nature, always live in mediocrity. Revealing this almost solution-free paradox enables Thucydides to inject a deep sense of problematicness into the emerging realist political theory, whose thinking may still be instructive today with the general concern that the rise of the great Powers.