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核黄疸(kernicterus)是病理学名称。1904年Schmorl 氏对1例死于严重核黄疸新生儿进行尸解时,发现其脑神经组织的基底核细胞黄染,因此称为核黄疸。由于它是间接胆红素透过血脑屏障沉着在神经细胞而导致中毒性病变,故又称胆红素脑病。核黄疸对新生儿的生命和健康威胁很大,且预后严重,病死率高,即使幸免死亡,也常留有神经系统严重后遗症。因此,如何防治新生儿核黄疸这一课题,已引起广泛重视,近年来积极采用药物疗法、光照疗法和换血等措施进行防治,已取得可喜成就。新生儿核黄疸完全是可以预防的。
Kiknicterus is the name of the pathology. In 1904 Schmorl’s autopsy of a neonatal death from severe kernicterus found that the nucleus basal cells of his brain tissue were stained yellow and were therefore called jaundice. Indirect bilirubin is also called bilirubin encephalopathy because it is caused by toxic deposits of nerve cells in the blood-brain barrier. Nuclear jaundice poses a great threat to the life and health of the newborn, and its prognosis is severe with high case fatality rate. Even if it survives the death, it often leaves serious sequelae of the nervous system. Therefore, how to prevent and cure neonatal kernicterus has drawn wide attention. In recent years, it has made gratifying achievements in actively using such measures as drug therapy, light therapy and blood exchange. Neonatal kernicterus is completely preventable.