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集水措施是干旱半干旱地区解决因降雨少且季节间分配不均带来的水资源短缺的主要措施之一,有关微集水区防渗处理材料及其防渗效果的研究也已广泛开展。本文通过5 年(1992-1996)的野外试验对半干旱黄土高原微集水系统生物结皮覆盖对造林的影响进行了研究。结果表明,结皮接种3 年后,集水区表面大部分为结皮所覆盖,其集水功能已经部分地表现出来。在春季3 个典型时段内浅层土壤含水量与对照相比显著提高(0.05 水平),1m 土层内春季月均含水量均比对照提高了0.9%–6.04%。同时在研究期末(1996 年)结皮处理的样地内树木个体的树高(H)、胸径(DBH)和地径(DGL)均较对照有显著提高(0.05 水平),提高幅度分别为22.38%、17.34%和20.49%。作为一种生物防渗材料,生物结皮具有无污染、自我繁殖、使用期长和投入小等特点,因此很可以作为西部大开发中植被恢复的主要集水材料,进一步的工作应放在干旱环境下当地适宜结皮种类的选择及其快速繁殖技术上。
Water catchment measures are one of the major measures to solve the water shortage caused by less rainfall and uneven distribution of seasons in arid and semi-arid areas. Studies on anti-seepage materials and seepage control effects in micro-catchments have also been carried out extensively . In this paper, five years (1992-1996) field experiments on semi-arid Loess Plateau micro-catchment system of biological crusts on afforestation were studied. The results showed that after 3 years of inoculation, most of the surface of the catchment area was covered by crust, and its catchment function had been partially demonstrated. In the three typical periods of spring, the soil moisture in shallow soil increased significantly (0.05 level) compared with the control, and the monthly average water content in spring in 1m soil layer increased by 0.9% -6.04% compared with the control. At the same time, the tree height (H), DBH and DGL of the trees treated with crusting treatments increased significantly (0.05 level) compared with the control at the end of the study (1996), with the improvement rates being 22.38% , 17.34% and 20.49% respectively. As a bio-impermeable material, biological crusts are non-polluting, self-propagating, long-term and small investment, so it can be used as the main water-harvesting materials for vegetation restoration in the western development. Further work should be done in drought Environment suitable for the choice of crust species and its rapid propagation technology.