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探讨河流天然水温时空变化特征及其影响因素,为未来水资源规划和河流生态系统健康提供科学依据。基于黄河上游鄂陵湖～循化水文站河段各水文站1958-2008年水温资料,采用线性趋势分析和标准化距平分析,研究了该河段河道天然水温的时空变化特征;选取与水温同步系列的4个气象站1959-1997年气象资料,采用非线性Mann-Kendall检验方法分析其变化趋势,并对气温、降雨等水温变化敏感因素进行线性相关分析。结果表明:1)研究河段年内水温分布发生明显变化主要集中于暖季的5-10月份,黄河沿下游三站河道水温年际间均呈现较为明显增温趋势,但唐乃亥站下游两站河道水温却呈现降温趋势,开发河段水温变化的人为扰动影响远大于自然环境;2)天然河流的热异质性受气象、河流条件以及所处地理环境等因素影响,其中以降水和气温影响较大。
The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of river natural water temperature and its influencing factors were discussed to provide a scientific basis for future water resources planning and river ecosystem health. Based on the water temperature data of hydrological stations of Eling Lake ~ Xunhua Hydrologic Station in the upper reaches of the Yellow River from 1958 to 2008, linear temporal trend analysis and standard anomaly analysis were used to study the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of natural water temperature in the river. Series of four weather stations from 1959 to 1997 meteorological data using non-linear Mann-Kendall test method to analyze the trend of change, and temperature, rainfall and other water temperature sensitivity of the linear correlation analysis. The results show that: (1) Significant changes in water temperature distribution during the study period mainly occurred in May-October in the warm season, and the water temperature of the three stations along the Yellow River showed a trend of obvious warming trend over the years, but the two stations downstream of Tangnaihai Station The water temperature shows a tendency of decreasing temperature, and the anthropogenic disturbances in the development of river water temperature are much more affected than the natural environment; 2) the thermal heterogeneity of natural rivers is affected by the weather, river conditions and the geographical environment, among which the influence of precipitation and air temperature Big.