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目的了解2005年和2012年广西武鸣县农村壮族育龄妇女的血浆铅浓度水平及其差异。方法以电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测2005年和2012年在广西壮族自治区武鸣县进行的两次横断面调查中所收集的200名和182名18~30岁妇女血浆标本的铅浓度,结合问卷调查资料分析血浆铅浓度超过意大利健康人群血浆铅暴露参考值上限的相关因素。结果调查妇女的血浆铅浓度中位数由2005年的0.99 ng/ml上升至2012年的1.78 ng/ml,血浆铅浓度超过参考值上限妇女所占比例由2005年的49.50%上升到2012年的85.69%。单因素分析发现,妇女血浆铅超过参考值上限的相关因素有居住地、文化程度、婚姻状况、体质指数等,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);经多因素logistics回归调整混杂因素后,均未发现上述因素与妇女血浆铅浓度超过参考值上限比例有关(P>0.05)。结论 2012年武鸣县农村育龄妇女的血浆铅浓度远高于2005年,需进一步调查其原因并加强该县铅污染防控和监测。
Objective To understand the levels and differences of plasma lead concentrations in rural women of reproductive age of Zhuang women in Wuming County, Guangxi Province in 2005 and 2012. Methods Plasma lead concentrations in 200 and 182 women aged 18 to 30 collected in two cross-sectional surveys conducted in Wuming County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2005 and 2012 were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Data analysis of plasma lead concentrations over the upper limit of plasma lead exposure in healthy Italian population related factors. Results The median plasma lead concentration in women rose from 0.99 ng / ml in 2005 to 1.78 ng / ml in 2012 and the proportion of women whose plasma lead concentrations exceeded the upper limit of reference increased from 49.50% in 2005 to 85.69%. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the factors of plasma lead above the upper limit of reference such as residence, education level, marital status and body mass index (P <0.05). After adjusting the confounding factors by multi-factor logistics regression, None of the above factors were found to be related to the ratio of plasma lead concentrations in women over the upper limit of reference values (P> 0.05). Conclusion Plasma lead concentrations in rural women of childbearing age in Wuming County in 2012 are much higher than those in 2005. Further investigations are required to investigate their causes and to strengthen the prevention and control of lead pollution in the county.