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目的研究低分子肝素对糖尿病大鼠肾脏病变的保护作用及其机制。方法观察低分子肝素对肾小球功能、形态及肾小球基底膜超微结构的影响。结果（１）在病程不同时期（４、８、１２、１６周）治疗组尿白蛋白明显低于非治疗组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；（２）１６周时，光镜及电镜下治疗组肾小球系膜增生、基底膜增厚和足突融合等病变较非治疗组明显减轻，而两组血糖、肾小球平均截面积、肾小球平均体积、肾小球滤过率及血压无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论低分子肝素对糖尿病大鼠的肾脏病变具有一定防治作用，其机制可能不是通过改善血糖及血液动力学实现的。
Objective To study the protective effect and mechanism of low molecular weight heparin on diabetic nephropathy in diabetic rats. Methods The effects of low molecular weight heparin on glomerular function, morphology and glomerular basement membrane ultrastructure were observed. Results (1) Urinary albumin in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the non-treatment group at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks (P <0.05); (2) At 16 weeks, Compared with the non-treatment group, the incidence of mesangial proliferation, basement membrane thickening and foot process fusion were significantly reduced in the group, while the average blood glucose, mean cross-sectional area of glomeruli, mean glomerular volume, glomerular filtration rate, No significant difference in blood pressure (P> 0.05). Conclusion Low molecular weight heparin has some preventive and therapeutic effects on diabetic nephropathy in diabetic rats, and its mechanism may not be achieved by improving blood glucose and hemodynamics.