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在中国古代府县制下,将国都的行政官员称为“京兆尹”。1921年7月,民国北京政府以“大总统教令”颁布了《市自治制》,出现近代城市建制——特别市(县级)和普通市(镇级),但为自治团体性质。1927年1月1日国民政府宣布定都武汉,4月18日成立武汉市政委员会,并成为中国实际上的第一个直辖市。南京国民政府设立的中央直辖的特别市晚于武汉国民政府。
Under the ancient system of prefectures and counties in China, the administrative officials of the capital are called “Jingzhao Yin.” In July 1921, the government of Beijing in the Republic of China promulgated the “municipal autonomy system” with the “Great Presidential Instruction” and appeared the modern urban system - special cities (county level) and ordinary cities (townships), but they were autonomous. On January 1, 1927, the National Government announced that it will capitalize on Wuhan and set up the Wuhan Municipal Committee on April 18, becoming the first municipality directly under the Central Government in China. The special municipality under the Central Government established by the Nanjing National Government was later than the Wuhan National Government.