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1 诊断 1.1 病史:详细询问既往是否有尿失禁存在、病程长短、严重程度及发生诱因。此外还应了解全身情况:①中风史:尿失禁病人中34％有中风病史;⑨脊髓病变:尤其是骶椎2～4病变,脊椎动脉栓塞、转移瘤破坏等;③脑动脉硬化:引起老年性痴呆,多发性脑梗塞,正压性脑水肿:④帕金森氏病:发病高峰年龄为60～70岁,多表现为急迫性尿失禁;⑤下尿路损伤、梗阻史;⑧长期用抗高血压、利尿、抗抑郁及自主神经药史;⑦有无习惯便秘。 1.2 查体:仔细检查全身各系统尤其是神经系统检查,腹部检查应注意有无尿潴留、膀胱肿瘤及妇科肿瘤等情况。
1 diagnosis 1.1 history: asked in detail if there is any urinary incontinence exists in the past, the duration of the disease, the severity and cause of the incentive. In addition, you should also understand the general condition: ① history of stroke: 34% of patients with urinary incontinence have a history of stroke; ⑨ spinal cord lesions: especially sacral 2 ~ 4 lesions, vertebral artery embolization, metastasis damage; ③ cerebral arteriosclerosis: Dementia, multiple cerebral infarction, positive pressure cerebral edema: ④ Parkinson’s disease: the peak incidence age of 60 to 70 years, the performance of urge incontinence; ⑤ lower urinary tract injury, obstruction history; ⑧ long-term use of anti Hypertension, diuretic, antidepressant and autonomic nervous medicine history; ⑦ have used to constipation. 1.2 Physical examination: Careful examination of the whole body system, especially the nervous system examination, abdominal examination should pay attention to whether there is urinary retention, bladder cancer and gynecological tumors.