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目的分析某院收治的40例艾滋病患者的临床特征。方法回顾性研究2003年1月—2004年8月以发热或腹泻、消瘦为主诉收治诊断为人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染患者的临床资料。结果40例患者的临床分期均已到艾滋病期,CD4+T淋巴细胞计数为(156.54±131.26)/μL(正常参考值为800～1200/μL)。发热、咳嗽咳痰、消瘦、腹痛腹泻以及颈部淋巴结大为主要临床表现,部分患者有卡波西肉瘤;机会性感染及合并症以肝炎病毒感染(30例,75.00%)、肺结核(15例,37.50%)多见。HIV感染方式以静脉吸毒为主(32例,80.00%),其次为性途径感染(4例,10.00%)。距可能暴露(静脉吸毒、性接触、输血)HIV时间2～12年,平均(7.31±1.30)年。结论艾滋病期患者临床表现多样化,静脉吸毒是主要的感染传播方式。需采取多种措施预防控制HIV的传播,对患者加强抗病毒治疗与监测、随访,及时控制机会性感染以及病毒复制。
Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of 40 AIDS patients admitted in a hospital. Methods The clinical data of patients diagnosed as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from January 2003 to August 2004 with fever or diarrhea and weight loss as main complaint were retrospectively studied. Results The clinical stage of 40 patients was AIDS. CD4 + T lymphocyte count was (156.54 ± 131.26) / μL (normal reference value was 800 ~ 1200 / μL). Fever, cough and sputum, weight loss, abdominal pain and diarrhea, and cervical lymph nodes are the major clinical manifestations, some patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma; opportunistic infections and complications of hepatitis virus infection (30 cases, 75.00%), pulmonary tuberculosis , 37.50%) more common. The main mode of HIV infection was intravenous drug use (32 cases, 80.00%), followed by sexual infection (4 cases, 10.00%). The possible exposure (intravenous drug abuse, sexual contact, blood transfusion) HIV time 2 to 12 years, an average of (7.31 ± 1.30) years. Conclusion The clinical manifestations of AIDS in patients with diverse, intravenous drug use is the main mode of transmission of infection. A variety of measures need to be taken to prevent and control the spread of HIV, to strengthen anti-virus treatment and monitoring of patients, follow-up and timely control of opportunistic infections and virus replication.