目的　研究哈尔滨市儿童期 1型糖尿病与 HL A- DQB1等位基因的关联关系。方法　选取 49例 0～ 14岁发病的 1型糖尿病患者和 75名健康儿童对照 ,运用 PCR- SSOP技术对部分 HL A- DQB1等位基因进行了分型。结果　发现在 HL A- DQB1位点上 ,病例组的 DQB1* 0 2 0 1、* 0 30 3、* 0 40 1频率显著高于对照组 ,而 DQB1* 0 30 1、DQB1* 0 5 0 1和* 0 6 0 1频率是显著下降的。结论　研究提示 :HL A- DQB1位点的 * 0 2 0 1、* 0 30 3和 * 0 40 1对儿童期 1型糖尿病具有强易感性 ,而 DQB1* 0 30 1、* 0 5 0 1和 * 0 6 0 1具有保护性。但未证实 DQB1* 0 6 0 2具有保护性作用 Objective To study the association between childhood type 1 diabetes and HL-DQB1 alleles in Harbin. Methods A total of 49 HLA-DQB1 alleles were genotyped by PCR-SSOP in 49 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 75 healthy children aged 0-14 years. The results showed that the frequency of DQB1 * 0 2 0 1, * 0 30 3, * 0 40 1 in HL-DQB1 group was significantly higher than that in the control group, while DQB1 * 0 30 1, DQB1 * 0 5 0 1 And * 0 6 0 1 frequency is significantly decreased. Conclusions The results suggest that * 0 2 0 1, * 0 30 3 and * 0 40 1 of HLA-DQB1 locus are highly susceptible to childhood type 1 diabetes, whereas DQB1 * 0 30 1, * 0 5 0 1 and * 0 6 0 1 is protective. However, it has not been confirmed that DQB1 * 0602 has a protective effect