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近年来,地震、火灾及事故灾害导致的建筑物倒塌事故屡有发生,造成公私财产的巨大损失和人员的重大伤亡,生命搜寻和救助成为建筑物倒塌事故应急救援中急迫而关键的问题。本文分析和总结了建筑倒塌的原因及倒塌后形成的典型生存空间,以事故现场生命搜救技术和破拆挖掘技术为重点,通过对搜索方法、搜索仪器、常用破拆工具的叙述和比较,研究了不同搜索和破拆技术及其应用,得出了针对不同建筑倒塌事故现场而采取的相应的搜索破拆技术,并对事故现场的救护进行了简述,为消防部队建筑倒塌救援提供参考。
In recent years, building collapse accidents caused by earthquakes, fires and accidents have occurred frequently, resulting in tremendous losses of public and private property as well as heavy casualties. Life search and rescue have become urgent and crucial issues in the emergency rescue of building collapse accidents. This paper analyzes and summarizes the causes of building collapse and the typical living space formed after the collapse. Focusing on the search and rescue techniques of rescue and rescue at the scene of the accident, this paper studies the methods of search, the search instruments and the commonly used tools of dismantling Different search and dismantle technology and its application, the corresponding search and disassembly technology for different buildings collapses were obtained, and the rescue of the accident site was briefly described to provide a reference for the collapse and rescue of fire department buildings.