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认知心理学认为,人们关于某一学科的知识在头脑中组成一个有层次的结构,最具有包容性的概念处于这个层次结构的顶点,它下面是包容范围较小和越来越分化的命题、概念和具体知识。这样才能将容易忘记的特殊知识固着在容易记住的概念上,而且可以根据一般原理(特殊知识都可以类属其中)来综合有关的事实。根据认知心理学和思想政治课的特点、要求,在构建政治学科知识结构时应坚持以下三个原则:一、由一般到具体,不断分化的原则所谓不断分化,就是分清理论的思维层次,依据人们认识新事物的自然顺序和认知结构的组织顺序,把学科知识由整体到细节组织起来。由是什么到为什么、再到怎么做,步步深入,思维逐级提高,形成关于某一理论知识的“树状结构”。心理学家认为,人的大脑是将信息存储在树状的树突上的,人们只有用大脑自身的记忆方法构建学科知识结构,才会收到事半功倍的效果。
Cognitive psychology believes that people’s knowledge about a certain subject forms a hierarchical structure in the mind. The most inclusive concept is at the top of this hierarchy. Below it is the proposition that the scope of inclusion is smaller and more and more differentiated. , concepts and specific knowledge. In this way, the easy to forget special knowledge can be fixed on the easy-to-remember concept, and the relevant facts can be synthesized according to the general principle (special knowledge can be categorized therein). According to the characteristics and requirements of cognitive psychology and ideological and political courses, the following three principles should be adhered to when constructing the knowledge structure of political subjects: First, the principle of continuous differentiation from general to specific, so-called constant differentiation, is to clarify the theoretical level of thinking. Based on the natural order of people’s understanding of new things and the organizational order of cognitive structures, the subject knowledge is organized from the whole to the details. From what to why and how to do it, step by step, thinking step by step, and form a “tree-like structure” about a certain theoretical knowledge. Psychologists believe that the human brain stores information in dendritic dendrites. People can only use the brain’s own memory method to construct the knowledge structure of the subject and they will only get twice the result with half the effort.