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【目的】筛选防治猕猴桃溃疡病的有效药剂,为猕猴桃溃疡病防控提供科学依据。【方法】采用稀释划线法分离纯化猕猴桃溃疡病病原菌用于室内毒力测定,采用抑菌圈法测定16种杀菌剂的室内毒力;2014年选用11种杀菌剂分别采用枝干病斑直接涂抹50倍药液和纵刻枝干病斑后涂抹50倍药液及叶面喷施药剂商品推荐用量的方法进行猕猴桃溃疡病田间防效试验;2015年选用10种药剂进行枝干病斑直接涂抹10倍药液及辛菌胺等4种原药涂抹进行猕猴桃溃疡病田间防效试验。【结果】室内毒力测定结果表明,0.15%四霉素AS、1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐AS、3%中生菌素WP、20%叶枯唑WP和80%乙蒜素EC对猕猴桃溃疡病菌的抑制中浓度(EC50)分别为27.3114、8598.8929、19486.8899、20482.1833和42113.8064 mg/L。枝干直接涂抹50倍80%波尔多液WP和20%叶枯唑WP对猕猴桃溃疡病的防效分别达70.6%和64.1%;纵刻病斑涂药防效仅为47.6%和8.6%;枝干直接涂抹10倍液80%乙蒜素EC、0.15%四霉素AS、80%波尔多液WP及20%叶枯唑WP的防效分别为79.3%、60.0%、50.1%和41.3%;叶面分别喷施80%乙蒜素EC 1000倍、0.5%香菇多糖AS 1000倍、0.15%四霉素AS 600倍、1.8%辛菌胺醋酸盐AS 500倍及46%氢氧化铜WG 500倍液,对猕猴桃叶片溃疡病的防治效果较好,防效均在80.0%以上。【结论】采用化学药剂防治猕猴桃溃疡病时先使用波尔多液冬季清园;1月下旬~3月上旬可选用10~50倍乙蒜素、四霉素和波尔多液涂抹枝干病斑;3月中下旬开始喷施乙蒜素、香菇多糖、四霉素、辛菌胺醋酸盐或氢氧化铜等药剂防治叶片病害,也可选择叶枯唑、松脂酸铜等药剂替代使用,间隔10 d左右喷1次,连喷3~4次。
【Objective】 To screen effective agents for controlling kiwifruit ulcer disease and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of kiwifruit ulcer disease. 【Method】 The pathogenic bacteria of Actinidia canker were isolated and purified by dilution line method, and the indoor virulence of 16 fungicides were determined by inhibition zone method. In 2014, eleven kinds of fungicides were used directly Smear 50 times the liquid and longitudinal branch sticky spots after applying 50 times the liquid and foliar spray dosage of the recommended method of kiwifruit disease prevention and control field trials; 2015 selected 10 kinds of agents for direct branchyx spots Smear 10 times liquid and ampicillin and other 4 kinds of the original drug application kiwifruit disease prevention and control field trials. 【Result】 The results of indoor toxicity test showed that 0.15% tetrachymosin AS, 1.8% ampicillin AS, 3% mesotrione WP, 20% metoxicazole WP and 80% The inhibitory concentrations (EC50) of the canker were 27.3114, 8598.8929, 19486.8899, 20482.1833 and 42113.8064 mg / L, respectively. The effect of spraying 50 times 80% Bordeaux solution WP and 20% leaf blight WP on kiwifruit ulcer disease were 70.6% and 64.1% The control effects of direct application of 10 times of 80% allicin EC, 0.15% of tetracycline AS, 80% of Bordeaux mixture WP and 20% of leaf blight WP were 79.3%, 60.0%, 50.1% and 41.3% Were sprayed with 80% allicin EC 1000 times, 0.5% lentinan AS 1000 times, 0.15% tetracycline AS 600 times, 1.8% ampicillin acetate AS 500 times and 46% copper hydroxide WG 500 times Liquid, the prevention and cure of kiwifruit leaf ulcer disease is better, the control effect is more than 80.0%. 【Conclusion】 Bordeaux mixture was first used in the control of kiwifruit and canker in winter. In late January ~ early March, 10 ~ 50 times allicin, In the second half of the beginning of spraying allicin, lentinan, tetracycline, ampicillin acetate or copper hydroxide and other agents to prevent leaf disease, but also the choice of leaf blight, rosin acid copper and other agents to replace the use of an interval of 10 d About 1 spray, and even spray 3 to 4 times.