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北京话的“了、着、过”是使用非常频繁的动态助词(“了”还兼语气助词),但它们在各方言的用法却不很一致。本文讨论山东寿光方言中这几个助词的用法。 壹 寿光方言的“了” 北京话的“了”有两个。“了_1”用在动词后,主要表示动作的完成。“了_2”用在句末,主要肯定事态出现了变化或即将出现变化,有成句的作用。参看《现代汉语八百词》,商务印书馆,1984年。了_1一般称为动态助词,了_2一般称为语气助词(或称语气词)。北京话的“了_1”,寿光方言读[(?)],写作“了”;北京话的“了_2”,寿光方言读[],写作“嗹”。
Peking dialect “used, used, and used” is the use of very frequent dynamic particle (“and” also tone modifier), but they are not very consistent in the usage of each dialect. This article discusses the usage of several auxiliary words in Shouguang dialect. One Shouguang dialect “had” Beijing dialect “had” two. “_1” is used after the verb, mainly to indicate the completion of the action. “_2” used at the end of the sentence, the main affirmative situation has changed or is about to change, a sentence into the role. See “800 words in modern Chinese”, Commercial Press, 1984. The _1 generally known as dynamic particle, the _2 generally known as modal particles (or tone words). Beijing dialect “_1”, Shouguang dialect read [(?)], Writing “;”; Beijing dialect “_2”, Shouguang dialect [], writing “嗹.”