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企业外部环境急需改善,存在的主要问题是:国营企业机构臃肿,“婆婆”过多,内耗严重;乱摊派、乱收费、乱罚款、乱赞助的“四乱”现象严重,企业难以招架;某些经济政策不稳定,严重影响企业的生产经营;伪劣商品充斥市场,严重影响着国营企业的生存;流动资金严重不足,加重了企业的利息负担;结算纪律松弛,“三角债”严重;经济改革不配套,企业社会负担加重;国营企业技改欠账过大,发展后劲不足;竞争条件不平等。主要对策是:认真贯彻执行《企业法》,切实落实企业的生产经营自主权;各项政策措施要面向社会,使国营企业在大体平等的环境中竞争;建立健全经济纠纷仲裁机构,保证经济活动的正常进行;切实减轻企业的社会负担;适当调整税收优惠政策;积极建立企业离退休职工的社会养老保险制度;进一步清理“三角债”;适当提高折旧率,逐步完善折旧制度;补充一些企业的自有流动资金;正确处理宏观管理和微观管理的关系,真正做到大的管住管好,小的放开搞活。
The external environment of the enterprise is in urgent need of improvement. The main problems are: the state-owned enterprises are overstaffed, there are too many “grandmothers”, and internal friction is serious; “disorderly” phenomena such as undisciplined allocation, arbitrary charges, arbitrary fines, and chaotic sponsorship are serious, and enterprises are unable to parry; The instability of some economic policies has seriously affected the production and operation of enterprises; the flooding of markets with counterfeit and inferior commodities has seriously affected the survival of state-owned enterprises; the serious shortage of working capital has increased the interest burden on enterprises; the settlement discipline has become lax and “triangular debts” have become serious; As a result, corporate social burdens have increased; State-owned enterprises have been oversold due to technological changes, resulting in insufficient development potential; and unfair competition conditions. The main countermeasures are: Conscientiously implement the “Enterprise Law,” and effectively implement the autonomy of production and management of enterprises; all policies and measures should be oriented toward the society, so that state-owned enterprises can compete in a generally equal environment; establish and improve an economic dispute arbitration agency to ensure economic activities Normal implementation; effectively reduce the social burden of enterprises; properly adjust tax preferential policies; actively establish a social pension insurance system for retired employees; further clean up “triangular debts”; properly increase the depreciation rate and gradually improve the depreciation system; There is liquidity; correctly handle the relationship between macro-management and micro-management, truly manage and manage well, and let go of livelihood.