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目的:通过观察锥体束CT建立中国人群腭中缝生长发育过程中形态特点分期方法，并研究该分期个体生理年龄的分布情况，探索该分期方法应用于传统牙支持式上颌快速扩弓时机选择的临床意义。方法:本研究为回顾性观察性研究，收集1076例样本，其中，女性675人，男性401人，年龄6.0～20.9岁。观察其锥体束CT影像的水平位腭中缝区域，归纳生长发育中形态特征并建立分期方法。统计该分期方法与个体生理年龄的频数与比例分布。结果:(1)中国人群腭中缝形态特点分期共5期，其中第4期分为4s1与4s2两个亚期。(2)6.0～10.9岁，女性1～2期占81%，男性1～2期占87%。11.0～12.9岁3期占比最大，为60%。13.0～13.9岁3～4s1期占比最大，3期占比超过4期(女：3期46%而4s1期38%，男：3期54%而4s1期36%)。14.0～14.9岁者仍为3～4s1期占比最大，但4s1期超过3期(女：3期29%而4s1期54%，男：3期26%而4s1期56%)。15.0～20.9岁者中女性5期者占94%，男性5期者占90%。结论:依据本研究建立的腭中缝形态特点分期方法，13.0～14.9岁传统牙支持式上颌快速扩弓适应证患者治疗前有必要加拍锥体束CT以明确腭中缝骨化闭合状态。“,”Objective:To establish a staging method to describe the morphological development of midpalatal suture of Chinese population, to investigate the distribution of chronological age of this method, and to explore its clinical application in determining the timing of upper rapid palatal expansion.Methods:This study is a retrospective observational study. 1076 CBCT images (Female: 675, Male: 401, Age range: 6.0~20.9 years old) are included. Morphological stages and corresponding features of midpalatal suture are classified and summarized according to images on horizontal view. Relation between midpalatal suture stages and chronological age ranges are performed by frequency and proportion analysis.Results:(1) Five stages of midpalatal suture are established, with Stage 4 divided into two substages: Stage 4s1 and Stage 4s2. (2) Majority of samples between 6.0~10.9 years old are at Stage 1~2 (Female: Stage 1~2: 81%. Male: Stage 1~2: 87%). Majority of samples between 11.0~12.9 years old are at Stage 3, accounting for 60%. Majority of samples between 13.0~13.9 years old are at Stage 3 and Stage 4s1, with larger proportion of Stage 3 than Stage 4s1 (Female: Stage 3: 46%, Stage 4s1: 38%. Male: Stage 3: 54%, Stage 4s1: 36%). Majority of samples between 14.0~14.9 years old are at Stage 3 and Stage 4s1, with larger proportion of Stage 4s1 than Stage 3 (Female: Stage 3: 29%, Stage 4s1: 54%. Male: Stage 3: 26%, Stage 4s1: 56%). Majority of samples between 15.0~20.9 years old are at Stage 4~5 (Female: Stage 4~5: 94%. Male: Stage 4~5: 90%).Conclusions:The morphological staging method of midpalatal suture established in this study indicates that it is necessary to take CBCT exams for potential tooth-borne rapid maxillary expansion treatments in 13.0~14.9 years old individuals to clear the maturation and fusion status of midpalatal suture.