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资源产出率是衡量循环经济发展水平的关键指标。本文提出一种指标分解的思路,将资源产出率分解成体现企业运营管理水平的“软实力”指标和体现循环经济技术水平的“硬实力”指标。将该思路用于资源密集型的钢铁行业,对太钢、宝钢和首钢等代表性企业进行了资源产出率的实证分析,揭示了钢铁企业资源产出率的变化特征及影响因素。研究表明,2005-2012年间,钢铁企业的资源产出率存在显著波动。对于钢铁行业整体,能源产出率和水资源产出率主要由“硬实力”决定,并且受宏观经济因素的显著影响;而铁矿石产出率主要由“软实力”决定。在个体企业层面,三家企业的各项资源产出率主要由其循环经济“软实力”决定,其中宝钢和首钢的“软实力”受宏观经济因素的显著影响,而太钢的“软实力”则更多的由企业自身因素决定。本研究所提出的方法及所获得的结果对于钢铁及其他资源高消耗行业的循环经济发展实践具有参考价值。
Resource yield is a measure of the level of development of circular economy key indicators. In this paper, a new idea of index decomposition is proposed, which decomposes the output rate of resources into indicators of “soft power” which embodies the level of operation and management of enterprises and “hard power” which embodies the technical level of circular economy. This idea is applied to the resource-intensive steel industry. Empirical analysis on resource output rate of representative enterprises such as Taigang, Baosteel and Shougang reveals the changing characteristics and influencing factors of the output rate of iron and steel enterprises. Research shows that between 2005 and 2012, there was a significant fluctuation in the resource output rate of iron and steel enterprises. For the steel industry as a whole, the rate of energy output and the rate of water resources output are mainly determined by the “hard power” and are significantly affected by the macroeconomic factors; while the iron ore output rate is mainly determined by the “soft power” . At the level of individual enterprises, the output of each resource of the three enterprises is mainly determined by its “circular economy” “soft power”, of which the “soft power” of Baosteel and Shougang Group is significantly affected by the macroeconomic factors. However, “Soft power ” is more determined by the business itself. The proposed method and the results obtained in this study have reference value for the practice of recycling economy in the high-consumption industries of steel and other resources.