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目的:以蜣螂提取多肽后的药渣为原料提取壳聚糖,并对其进行表征,探索昆虫类中药药渣综合利用的可行性。方法:采用正交试验法优选甲壳素与壳聚糖的制备工艺,并采用红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)等检测手段对壳聚糖进行表征。结果:筛选得到壳聚糖的较佳制备工艺条件:脱矿物质用1.3 mol/L HCl,以固液比1∶30,预先在80℃下加热0.5 h,然后室温条件下浸泡12 h;脱蛋白质和脂质用4 mol/L NaOH,以固液比1∶30,在90℃条件下处理6 h;脱色用3%的高锰酸钾溶液,以固液比1∶10,在室温下处理0.5 h,再用2%草酸溶液,以固液比1∶20,在70℃水浴中处理15 min;脱乙酰基用14 mol/L NaOH,以固液比1∶30,在110℃条件下处理5 h。结论:该工艺稳定可行,且初步表明从蜣螂药渣中制备的壳聚糖优于市售虾壳聚糖,有较大的利用价值。
OBJECTIVE: To extract chitosan from the dregs extracted from the dung beetle, and to characterize the feasibility of the comprehensive utilization of the dregs. Methods: The preparation of chitin and chitosan was optimized by orthogonal test. The chitosan was characterized by means of IR and XRD. Results: The optimum preparation conditions of chitosan screening were as follows: demineralized material was pretreated with 1.3 mol / L HCl at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:30 and preheated at 80 ℃ for 0.5 h and then soaked for 12 h at room temperature; Proteins and lipids were treated with 4 mol / L NaOH at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:30 at 90 ° C for 6 h. Decolorization was performed using 3% potassium permanganate solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 at room temperature Treated with 0.5% oxalic acid solution for 1 h at 70 ℃ for 15 min at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20; deacetylated with 14 mol / L NaOH at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:30 at 110 ℃ Under the treatment of 5 h. Conclusion: The process is stable and feasible, and preliminary shows that chitosan prepared from the dregs of dung beetles is superior to the commercially available shrimp chitosan, which has great value.