1.问题的提出在精密机械结构中,经常会遇到以孔为基准的内环端面(图1A面)。它不仅作为轴向负荷的承载面,更常常作为实际的装配基面。为了保证在该端面上所装轴系或精密滚道环的安装精度、均匀承载及密封性,防止环面或滚道的变形,就要严格限制它的各种形位偏差。通常,端面跳动偏差△_t综合反映了端面对轴心线的不垂直度△_c及端面不平直度(△_p和△_z)。但是,应该指出,这是四个完全不同的偏差概念,不能把它们混淆起来。但它们又不是绝对孤立的,从下面的分析可以看出,在一定条件下,有些是可以互相转化的。过去,对于这种端面的测量,常常是用“打端跳”的方法来作综合检查,但这种方法已远远不能满足设计的要求,尤其是宽度较小的内环面的不平度测量,无论用通常的平晶法或其它非接 1. PROBLEM PROBLEMS In precision mechanical structures, the hole-based inner ring end face (Figure 1A) is often encountered. It acts not only as a load carrying surface for axial loads, but more often as an actual mounting base. In order to ensure that installed in the end surface of the shaft or precision raceway ring installation accuracy, uniform bearing and sealing, to prevent the torus or raceway deformation, it is necessary to strictly limit its various forms of position deviation. Generally, the side runout deviation △ _t comprehensively reflects the non-perpendicularity △ _c of the end face to the axis and the end face straightness (△ _p and △ _z). However, it should be pointed out that these are four completely different concepts of bias that can not be confused. However, they are not absolutely isolated. As can be seen from the analysis below, under certain conditions, some can be transformed into each other. In the past, for the measurement of such end faces, the method of “end-jumping” was often used for the comprehensive inspection. However, this method has far failed to meet the design requirements, especially the measurement of the roughness of the inner ring with a smaller width , Regardless of the usual flat crystal method or other non-connected