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干旱区内陆河流域土壤盐渍化主要集中于绿洲内灌溉农田,而对绿洲内荒地和外围荒漠(以下简称绿洲内外荒地)土壤盐分变化趋势尚不清楚。论文基于地理信息系统技术和数理统计学方法,利用玛纳斯流域绿洲膜下滴灌技术普及的初期2006年和近期2012年绿洲内外荒地0~100 cm土壤盐分数据,分析滴灌背景下干旱区绿洲南部、中部和北部内外荒地土壤盐分的0~30、30~60、60~100 cm深度时空变异的总体特征。绿洲内外荒地2012年0~100 cm深度土壤平均含盐量、阴离子含量和除Na~+、K~+以外的阳离子含量低于2006年的水平,土壤盐渍化类型由硫酸盐-氯化物类向氯化物-硫酸盐类转化,降低了土壤的碱性,有利于后备农业资源的开发和作物的生长;2006年玛纳斯流域绿洲内外荒地土壤盐分含量、阴离子含量和阳离子含量空间分布差异不显著,而2012年土壤盐分和除个别离子(Na~+、K~+、CO_3~(2-))外其他离子空间格局总体表现为绿洲中部含量最高;绿洲内外荒地土壤盐分时空变化趋势的主导因素是灌溉方式的改变和地下水的利用。玛纳斯流域绿洲内外荒地土壤盐分时空变化总体特征和可能驱动机制分析,将丰富对干旱区流域绿洲土壤盐渍化的趋势认识,并有助于干旱区后备农业土地资源的合理开发与利用。
Soil salinization in the arid inland river basin mainly concentrates on irrigated farmland in the oasis. However, the trend of soil salinity changes in the desert and outer deserts in the oasis (hereinafter referred to as “the oasis inside and outside the desert”) is not clear. Based on geographic information system (GIS) technology and mathematical statistics, the salinity data of 0-100 cm soil in the early and late summer and winter in 2006 in Oasis, , The general characteristics of spatio-temporal variations of soil salinity at the depths of 0 ~ 30, 30 ~ 60 and 60 ~ 100 cm in the central and northern wasteland. The oasis inside and outside the wasteland The average soil salt content, anion content and the content of cation except for Na ~ + and K ~ + in 0-100 cm depth in 2012 were lower than those in 2006. The soil salinization type was composed of sulphate-chloride To chloride - sulfate conversion, reducing the alkaline soil is conducive to the development of backup agricultural resources and crop growth; 2006 Manasi watershed oasis inside and outside the soil salinity content, anion content and cation content of the spatial distribution of the difference is not (P <0.05), but the spatial distribution of soil salinity and other ions except for individual ions (Na ~ +, K ~ +, CO_3 ~ (2-)) in 2012 showed the highest content in the middle part of the oasis; the spatio- Factors are changes in irrigation patterns and the use of groundwater. The general characteristics and possible driving mechanism of soil salinity in the desert oasis in Manasi watershed will enrich the understanding of the tendency of oasis soil salinization in the arid basin and contribute to the rational development and utilization of reserve agricultural land in arid region.