一、宋元以来的都保设置由明及清,我国县以下的官方基层管理组织,大体经历了从普遍编制里甲,到广泛设置保甲的演变过程。其中,保甲于明代已经推行,并于清代进一步推广。那么,明清的保甲,究其源流,与宋元以来的都保有无联系呢?如所共知,宋代在县以下基层社会实行乡里制,乡下设里,里下设都保和保。元代沿宋之旧,所不同的是改里为都,即设置乡、都、都保(或村社)等组织。到了明初,国家基于 I. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties have been set by the Ming and Qing dynasties, our county-level official grass-roots management organizations, generally underwent from the general preparation of a, to a wide range of the evolution of Baojia. Among them, Paul has been implemented in the Ming Dynasty, and further promotion in the Qing Dynasty. So, the Ming and Qing Baojia, its origins, since the Song and Yuan dynasties have no connection? As we all know, the Song Dynasty in the grassroots level in the county to implement village system, the countryside set up, set up under the security and insurance. The Yuan Dynasty along the Song of the old, the difference is to change the capital, that is, set up the township, are, Paul (or village) and other organizations. At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, the state was based on