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目的了解和分析青海省果洛州5个县儿童棘球蚴感染现状。方法采用分层整群抽样法,抽取青海省果洛州玛沁、甘德、达日、班玛、久治5个县37个乡(镇)的43所学校全部6～12岁学生7 445人作为调查对象,采用ELISA检测血清抗棘球蚴IgG抗体。结果果洛州儿童抗棘球蚴血清总阳性率为21.24%(1581/7445),其中阳性最高的乡(镇)是玛沁县下大武乡,为45.04%(59/131),最低的是斑玛县江日堂乡,为4.82%(8/166);阳性率最高的县是玛沁县,为24.25%(381/1571),斑玛县最低,为15.13%(149/985),差异有统计学意义(2=39.163,P<0.01);男生和女生的血清抗棘球蚴IgG抗体阳性率分别为20.95%(779/3719)和21.52%(802/3726),差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.372,P=0.542);不同年龄组的儿童血清抗棘球蚴IgG抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ2=12.791,P=0.046)。人均羊饲养数与儿童血清抗棘球蚴IgG抗体阳性率呈正相关(R=0.351,P<0.05),户均养犬数与儿童儿童血清抗棘球蚴IgG抗体阳性率呈正相关(R=0.432,P<0.05)。结论青海省果洛州儿童棘球蚴感染情况较为严重,并存在地区差异;羊饲养量及养犬数与儿童棘球蚴抗体阳性率相关。
Objective To understand and analyze the status of echinococcosis infection in 5 counties in Guoluo, Qinghai Province. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to extract 4345 students from 6 to 12 years old from 43 schools in 37 townships (towns) of Maqin, Gander, Dari, Banma and Jiuzhi counties in Guoluo, Qinghai Province. As a test subject, serum anti-echinococcus IgG antibody was detected by ELISA. Results The positive rate of echinococcosis in Guoluo children was 21.24% (1581/7445). The highest positive rate was 45.04% (59/131) in Xia Dao Wuxiang, Maqin County, the lowest was 4.82% (8/166) in Jiangriatang Township of Zema County, 24.25% (381/1571) in Maqin County, and 15.13% (149/985) in Zema County. The difference was statistically significant (2 = 39.163, P <0.01). The positive rates of serum anti-Echinococcus antibodies in boys and girls were 20.95% (779/3719) and 21.52% (802/3726) respectively, with no significant difference (Χ2 = 0.372, P = 0.542). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of anti-Echinococcus antibodies between children of different age groups (χ2 = 12.791, P = 0.046). There was a positive correlation between the number of sheep raised per capita and the positive rate of IgG antibodies against Echinococcus granulosus in children (R = 0.351, P <0.05). The average number of dogs in each household was positively correlated with the positive rate of IgG antibody against Echinococcus granulosus in children (R = 0.432 , P <0.05). Conclusions The echinococcosis infection among children in Guoluo prefecture in Qinghai Province is serious, and there are some regional differences. The number of sheep raising and the number of raising dogs are related to the positive rate of antibodies of children with hydatid cysts.